RSAD2 radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: RSAD2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:30908
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000134321 MIM:607810; AllianceGenome:HGNC:30908
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: SAND; cig5; vig1; cig33
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein that belongs to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) superfamily of enzymes. The protein plays a role in cellular antiviral response and innate immune signaling. Antiviral effects result from inhibition of viral RNA replication, interference in the secretory pathway, binding to viral proteins and dysregulation of cellular lipid metabolism. The protein has been found to inhibit both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and Zika virus. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in immune response or antiviral activity.
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in spleen (RPKM 6.0), lung (RPKM 5.3) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2p25.2

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	2	NC_000002.12 (6865885..6898239)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	2	NC_060926.1 (6887387..6919736)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	2	NC_000002.11 (7006016..7038370)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Interferon-alpha regulates abnormally increased expression of RSAD2 in Th17 and Tfh cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Title: Interferon-α regulates abnormally increased expression of RSAD2 in Th17 and Tfh cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
PIK3CA mutation in endometriotic epithelial cells promotes viperin-dependent inflammatory response to insulin.
Title: PIK3CA mutation in endometriotic epithelial cells promotes viperin-dependent inflammatory response to insulin.
The rise of viperin: the emerging role of viperin in cancer progression.
Title: The rise of viperin: the emerging role of viperin in cancer progression.
Viperin, an IFN-Stimulated Protein, Delays Rotavirus Release by Inhibiting Non-Structural Protein 4 (NSP4)-Induced Intrinsic Apoptosis.
Title: Viperin, an IFN-Stimulated Protein, Delays Rotavirus Release by Inhibiting Non-Structural Protein 4 (NSP4)-Induced Intrinsic Apoptosis.
Viperin interacts with PEX19 to mediate peroxisomal augmentation of the innate antiviral response.
Title: Viperin interacts with PEX19 to mediate peroxisomal augmentation of the innate antiviral response.
The antiviral enzyme viperin inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis.
Title: The antiviral enzyme viperin inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis.
Knockdown of RSAD2 attenuates B cell hyperactivity in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) via suppressing NF-kappab signaling pathway.
Title: Knockdown of RSAD2 attenuates B cell hyperactivity in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) via suppressing NF-κb signaling pathway.
ddhCTP produced by the radical-SAM activity of RSAD2 (viperin) inhibits the NAD(+) -dependent activity of enzymes to modulate metabolism.
Title: ddhCTP produced by the radical-SAM activity of RSAD2 (viperin) inhibits the NAD(+) -dependent activity of enzymes to modulate metabolism.
Viperin, through its radical-SAM activity, depletes cellular nucleotide pools and interferes with mitochondrial metabolism to inhibit viral replication.
Title: Viperin, through its radical-SAM activity, depletes cellular nucleotide pools and interferes with mitochondrial metabolism to inhibit viral replication.
Viperin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interacting with viral nonstructural 5A protein.
Title: Viperin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interacting with viral nonstructural 5A protein.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (60)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide search for common SNP x SNP interactions on the risk of venous thrombosis. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of viperin by siRNA leads to enhance HIV-1 replication in HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif downregulates the expression of radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) in Vif-expression T cells	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of RSAD2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	The expression of radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 is enhanced in Vpu-deficient HIV-1-infected cells as compared to that in wild-type-infected cells	PubMed
capsid	gag	Infection of monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1 redistributes viperin from ER into foci, which significantly co-localizes with p24 and CD81	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-34967 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:8491

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

RH70478 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:3385

D10S16 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155756

SHGC-64330 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:70072

cig5__4576 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:463358

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in defense response to virus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in defense response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of viral genome replication	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in fibrillar center	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in lipid droplet	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: S-adenosylmethionine-dependent nucleotide dehydratase RSAD2

Names: cytomegalovirus-induced gene 5 protein; radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2; viperin; virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001410702.1 → NP_001397631.1 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent nucleotide dehydratase RSAD2 isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC017076

Consensus CDS

CCDS92710.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

C9J674

Related

ENSP00000406427.2, ENST00000442639.6
NM_080657.5 → NP_542388.2 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent nucleotide dehydratase RSAD2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_542388.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC017076, AF442151, BC017969

Consensus CDS

CCDS1656.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8WVI4, Q8WXG1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R6Q5

Related

ENSP00000371471.3, ENST00000382040.4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd01335
Location:78 → 262

Radical_SAM; Radical SAM superfamily. Enzymes of this family generate radicals by combining a 4Fe-4S cluster and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in close proximity. They are characterized by a conserved CxxxCxxC motif, which coordinates the conserved iron-sulfur cluster. ...

TIGR04278
Location:13 → 361

viperin; antiviral radical SAM protein viperin