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    AKR2 ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 829697, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    AKR2
    Official Full Name
    ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT4G35450
    Locus tag
    AT4G35450
    See related
    Araport:AT4G35450
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    AFT; AKR2A; ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2; F15J1.20; F15J1_20
    Summary
    Involved in targeting of chloroplast outer membrane proteins to the chloroplast. Double mutants of AKR2A and the highly homologous AKR2B have yellow leaves, significantly reduced chloroplast proteins, and no thylakoid membranes.
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    Genomic context

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    See AKR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    9
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (16839526..16842173)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Clathrin adaptor complex small chain family protein Neighboring gene dihydroflavonol 4-reductase-like1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene chloride channel E Neighboring gene NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase B Neighboring gene plant intracellular ras group-related LRR 4

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003075.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cytosolic targeting factor AKR2A captures chloroplast outer membrane-localized client proteins at the ribosome during translation. Kim DH, et al. Nat Commun, 2015 Apr 16. PMID 25880450
    2. AKR2A interacts with KCS1 to improve VLCFAs contents and chilling tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Chen L, et al. Plant J, 2020 Aug. PMID 32433816, Free PMC Article
    3. Is AKR2A an essential molecular chaperone for a class of membrane-bound proteins in plants? Zhang H, et al. Plant Signal Behav, 2010 Nov. PMID 21057222, Free PMC Article
    4. An ankyrin repeat-containing protein plays a role in both disease resistance and antioxidation metabolism. Yan J, et al. Plant J, 2002 Jan. PMID 11862948
    5. An ankyrin repeat domain of AKR2 drives chloroplast targeting through coincident binding of two chloroplast lipids. Kim DH, et al. Dev Cell, 2014 Sep 8. PMID 25203210, Free PMC Article

    See all (14) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. AKR2A interacts with KCS1 to improve VLCFAs contents and chilling tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.
      Title: AKR2A interacts with KCS1 to improve VLCFAs contents and chilling tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    2. AKR2A-mediated targeting of chloroplast outer membrane proteins is coupled to their translation, which in turn is crucial for biogenesis of the entire chloroplast proteome.
      Title: Cytosolic targeting factor AKR2A captures chloroplast outer membrane-localized client proteins at the ribosome during translation.
    3. the AKR2 ankyrin repeat domain drives chloroplast targeting through coincident binding of two chloroplast lipids
      Title: An ankyrin repeat domain of AKR2 drives chloroplast targeting through coincident binding of two chloroplast lipids.
    4. The role of AKR2A in the regulation of at least 500 genes in the Arabidopsis genome is discussed.
      Title: Is AKR2A an essential molecular chaperone for a class of membrane-bound proteins in plants?
    5. AKR2A is a molecular chaperone that binds specifically to APX3 and to five other single-membrane spanning proteins.
      Title: ANKYRIN REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2A is an essential molecular chaperone for peroxisomal membrane-bound ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE3 in Arabidopsis.
    6. AKR2A functions as a cytosolic mediator for sorting and targeting of nascent chloroplast OEM proteins to the chloroplast.
      Title: AKR2A-mediated import of chloroplast outer membrane proteins is essential for chloroplast biogenesis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_001203996.1
    NM_119710.5
    NM_179166.1
    NM_179167.2
    NM_179168.1

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables chloroplast targeting sequence binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glycolipid binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to cold IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within post-embryonic development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein folding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein targeting to chloroplast IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein targeting to chloroplast IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
    located_in chloroplast outer membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2
    NP_001190925.1
    • ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 (AKR2); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ankyrin repeat-containing 2B (TAIR:AT2G17390.1).
    NP_195270.1
    • ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 (AKR2); INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: integral to chloroplast outer membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 17 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ankyrin repeat-containing 2B (TAIR:AT2G17390.1); Has 1807 Blast hits to 1807 proteins in 277 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 736; Fungi - 347; Plants - 385; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 339 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_849497.1
    • ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 (AKR2); INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: integral to chloroplast outer membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 17 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ankyrin repeat-containing 2B (TAIR:AT2G17390.1); Has 85365 Blast hits to 29004 proteins in 1328 species: Archae - 144; Bacteria - 6951; Metazoa - 44906; Fungi - 6142; Plants - 3755; Viruses - 871; Other Eukaryotes - 22596 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_849498.1
    • ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 (AKR2); INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: integral to chloroplast outer membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 17 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ankyrin repeat-containing 2B (TAIR:AT2G17390.1); Has 85365 Blast hits to 29004 proteins in 1328 species: Archae - 144; Bacteria - 6951; Metazoa - 44906; Fungi - 6142; Plants - 3755; Viruses - 871; Other Eukaryotes - 22596 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_849499.1
    • ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 (AKR2); INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: integral to chloroplast outer membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 25 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 17 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR020683), Ankyrin repeat (InterPro:IPR002110); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ankyrin repeat-containing 2B (TAIR:AT2G17390.1); Has 85180 Blast hits to 28957 proteins in 1321 species: Archae - 144; Bacteria - 6924; Metazoa - 44765; Fungi - 6138; Plants - 3756; Viruses - 866; Other Eukaryotes - 22587 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      16839526..16842173
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_119710.5 → NP_195270.1  ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_195270.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O81128, Q9SAR5, Q9SVX0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A654FVU7, B9DFM6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00045
      Location:250 → 281
      ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
      pfam12796
      Location:223 → 314
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam17830
      Location:138 → 194
      STI1; STI1 domain

    2. NM_001203996.1 → NP_001190925.1  ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001190925.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F4JN13
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00204
      Location:231 → 344
      ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...
      pfam12796
      Location:231 → 322
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      sd00045
      Location:258 → 289
      ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]

    3. NM_179167.2 → NP_849498.1  ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_849498.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O81128, Q9SAR5, Q9SVX0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A654FVU7, B9DFM6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00045
      Location:250 → 281
      ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
      pfam12796
      Location:223 → 314
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam17830
      Location:138 → 194
      STI1; STI1 domain

    4. NM_179166.1 → NP_849497.1  ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_849497.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O81128, Q9SAR5, Q9SVX0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A654FVU7, B9DFM6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00045
      Location:250 → 281
      ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
      pfam12796
      Location:223 → 314
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      pfam17830
      Location:138 → 194
      STI1; STI1 domain

    5. NM_179168.1 → NP_849499.1  ankyrin repeat-containing protein 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_849499.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F4JN17
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00204
      Location:185 → 298
      ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...
      pfam12796
      Location:185 → 276
      Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)
      sd00045
      Location:212 → 243
      ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9SAR5.2

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