TNP2 transition protein 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TNP2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: transition protein 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:11952
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000178279 MIM:190232; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11952
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TP2
Summary: Predicted to enable zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including penetration of zona pellucida; positive regulation of protein processing; and sperm DNA condensation. Predicted to act upstream of or within binding activity of sperm to zona pellucida and flagellated sperm motility. Predicted to be located in male germ cell nucleus. Predicted to be part of nucleosome. Predicted to be active in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Restricted expression toward testis (RPKM 12.9) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p13.13

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (11267857..11269325, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	16	NC_060940.1 (11304079..11305547, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (11361714..11363182, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Spermatozoa retrieval in azoospermia and expression profile of JMJD1A, TNP2, and PRM2 in a subset of the Karachi population.
Title: Spermatozoa retrieval in azoospermia and expression profile of JMJD1A, TNP2, and PRM2 in a subset of the Karachi population.
Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of sperm nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2.
Title: Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of sperm nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2.
the quantity of PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 transcripts and the PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio affect spermiogenesis, sperm morphology
Title: Quantification of sperm specific mRNA transcripts (PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2) in teratozoospermia and normozoospermia: New correlations between mRNA content and morphology of sperm.
MiR-122 may influence spermatozoa-like cells by suppressing TNP2 expression and inhibiting the expression of proteins associated with sperm development.
Title: MicroRNA-122 influences the development of sperm abnormalities from human induced pluripotent stem cells by regulating TNP2 expression.
analysis of the TNP2 gene did not show any association with infertility.
Title: The TNP1 haplotype - GCG is associated with azoospermia.
Acetylation of transition protein 2 (TP2) by KAT3B (p300) alters its DNA condensation property and interaction with putative histone chaperone NPM3.
Title: Acetylation of transition protein 2 (TP2) by KAT3B (p300) alters its DNA condensation property and interaction with putative histone chaperone NPM3.
The presence of transition proteins (TP1 and/or TP2) in spermatids in semen indicates inhibition in the differentiation pathway from round spermatids to spermatozoa in infertile men.
Title: Spermiogenesis defects in human: detection of transition proteins in semen from some infertile men.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Investigation of genetic susceptibility factors for human longevity - a targeted nonsynonymous SNP study.
We found significantly lower levels of HILS1, TNP1, and TNP2 transcripts in spermatozoa from asthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic men.
Title: Quantitative assessment of transition proteins 1, 2 spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein transcripts in spermatozoa from normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic variants associated with disordered eating. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data identifies additional type 1 diabetes risk loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement) (TNP2) by shRNA library screening inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured Jurkat T-cells	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH70860 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:72750

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482873

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in acrosome reaction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in penetration of zona pellucida	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein processing	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in sperm DNA condensation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in spermatogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleolus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of nucleosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: nuclear transition protein 2

Names: TP-2; transition protein 2 (during histone to protamine replacement)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.