U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from GEO Profiles

    • Showing Current items.

    TOR1 ARM repeat superfamily protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 828814, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Official Symbol
    TOR1
    Official Full Name
    ARM repeat superfamily protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT4G27060
    Locus tag
    AT4G27060
    See related
    Araport:AT4G27060
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    CN; CONVOLUTA; SPIRAL 2; SPR2; T24A18.10; T24A18_10; TORTIFOLIA 1
    Summary
    Encodes a novel, plant-specific microtubule-associated protein that regulates the orientation of cortical microtubules and the direction of organ growth. The protein plays a role in control of microtubule dependent anisotropic cell elongation. spr2 mutant rosette leaves, cauline leaves, roots, petioles and petals curl in an anticlockwise direction.
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Go to the top of the page Help
    See TOR1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    4
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (13581286..13585250, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene miscRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene tryptophan synthase beta-subunit 2 Neighboring gene PDI-like 5-4

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003075.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

    Go to the top of the pageHelp

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain. Bolhuis DL, et al. PLoS One, 2023. PMID 38157339, Free PMC Article
    2. SPR2 protects minus ends to promote severing and reorientation of plant cortical microtubule arrays. Nakamura M, et al. J Cell Biol, 2018 Mar 5. PMID 29339437, Free PMC Article
    3. Experimental virus evolution reveals a role of plant microtubule dynamics and TORTIFOLIA1/SPIRAL2 in RNA trafficking. Peña EJ, et al. PLoS One, 2014. PMID 25133612, Free PMC Article
    4. Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 promotes uninterrupted microtubule growth by suppressing the pause state of microtubule dynamics. Yao M, et al. J Cell Sci, 2008 Jul 15. PMID 18577573
    5. Plant-specific microtubule-associated protein SPIRAL2 is required for anisotropic growth in Arabidopsis. Shoji T, et al. Plant Physiol, 2004 Dec. PMID 15557095, Free PMC Article

    See all (11) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain.
      Title: Crystal structure of the Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 C-terminal domain reveals a p80-Katanin-like domain.
    2. Quantitative live-cell imaging and computer simulations reveal that minus protection by SPR2 acts by an unexpected mechanism to promote the lifetime of potential SPR2 severing sites, increasing the likelihood of severing and thus the rapid amplification of the new microtubule array.
      Title: SPR2 protects minus ends to promote severing and reorientation of plant cortical microtubule arrays.
    3. The results suggest an important role of TOR1, which may stabilize the microtubule crossovers to support the formation and intercellular spread of the viral RNA complexes.
      Title: Experimental virus evolution reveals a role of plant microtubule dynamics and TORTIFOLIA1/SPIRAL2 in RNA trafficking.
    4. SPR2 and SP2L, their closest Arabidopsis homolog, are expressed in various tissues with partially overlapping patterns, and spr2-sp2l double mutants exhibit enhanced right-handed helical growth.
      Title: Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 promotes uninterrupted microtubule growth by suppressing the pause state of microtubule dynamics.
    5. The role of SPIRAL2 in growth, chromosome mapping; its amino acid sequence, and phylogenetic relation to other Arabidopsis proteins. [SPR2]
      Title: Plant-specific microtubule-associated protein SPIRAL2 is required for anisotropic growth in Arabidopsis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    NM_118840.5

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables microtubule binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within circumnutation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within unidimensional cell growth IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chloroplast ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

    Go to the top of the page Help
    Preferred Names
    ARM repeat superfamily protein
    NP_194436.2
    • TORTIFOLIA 1 (TOR1); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Armadillo-like helical (InterPro:IPR011989), Armadillo-type fold (InterPro:IPR016024); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: ARM repeat superfamily protein (TAIR:AT1G50890.1); Has 232 Blast hits to 225 proteins in 36 species: Archae - 2; Bacteria - 8; Metazoa - 6; Fungi - 6; Plants - 191; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 19 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    Go to the top of the page Help

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      13581286..13585250 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_118840.5 → NP_194436.2  ARM repeat superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_194436.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q68VK4, Q84MA0, Q9T041
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178UY35, A0A5S9XWC3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      sd00044
      Location:78 → 106
      HEAT; HEAT repeat [structural motif]
      cd19953
      Location:78 → 112
      PDS5; HEAT repeat [structural motif]
      cl15079
      Location:62 → 126
      PDS5; Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9T041.2

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Other Literature Sources
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools