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    lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 829452, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Full Name
    lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT4G33150
    Locus tag
    AT4G33150
    See related
    Araport:AT4G33150
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    F4I10.80; F4I10_80; LKR; LKR/SDH; LYSINE-KETOGLUTARATE REDUCTASE/SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASE; SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASE; SDH
    Summary
    Encodes two proteins. One protein is the monofunctional saccharopine dehydrogenase involved in lysine degradation. The longer protein from the same LKR/SDH locus is bifunctional and also has saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. The monofunctional SDH functions mainly to enhance the flux of lysine catabolism. Gene expression is induced by abscisic acid, jasmonate, and under sucrose starvation.
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    chromosome: 4
    Exon count:
    25
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (15985174..15991633, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene F-box family protein Neighboring gene Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003075.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Regulation of lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis through concertedly regulated synthesis of the two distinct gene products of the composite AtLKR/SDH locus. Stepansky A, et al. J Exp Bot, 2005 Feb. PMID 15569707
    2. The activity of the Arabidopsis bifunctional lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme of lysine catabolism is regulated by functional interaction between its two enzyme domains. Zhu X, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Dec 20. PMID 12393892
    3. A T-DNA insertion knockout of the bifunctional lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase gene elevates lysine levels in Arabidopsis seeds. Zhu X, et al. Plant Physiol, 2001 Aug. PMID 11500552, Free PMC Article
    4. Characterization of the two saccharopine dehydrogenase isozymes of lysine catabolism encoded by the single composite AtLKR/SDH locus of Arabidopsis. Zhu X, et al. Plant Physiol, 2000 Nov. PMID 11080311, Free PMC Article
    5. The catabolic function of the alpha-aminoadipic acid pathway in plants is associated with unidirectional activity of lysine-oxoglutarate reductase, but not saccharopine dehydrogenase. Zhu X, et al. Biochem J, 2000 Oct 1. PMID 10998364, Free PMC Article

    See all (7) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The regulation of lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis through these two gene products of the AtLKR/SDH gene in response to various hormones and stress signals.
      Title: Regulation of lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis through concertedly regulated synthesis of the two distinct gene products of the composite AtLKR/SDH locus.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    NM_001160811.2
    NM_001342200.1
    NM_119469.4
    NM_179155.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables saccharopine dehydrogenase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within L-lysine catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within L-lysine catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol HDA PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme
    NP_001154283.1
    • lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Saccharopine dehydrogenase / Homospermidine synthase (InterPro:IPR005097); Has 1125 Blast hits to 1121 proteins in 331 species: Archae - 40; Bacteria - 296; Metazoa - 110; Fungi - 190; Plants - 55; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 434 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_567914.1
    • lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Alanine dehydrogenase/PNT, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007698), Saccharopine dehydrogenase / Homospermidine synthase (InterPro:IPR005097), Alanine dehydrogenase/PNT, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR007886), LOR/SDH bifunctional enzyme, conserved domain (InterPro:IPR007545); Has 30201 Blast hits to 17322 proteins in 780 species: Archae - 12; Bacteria - 1396; Metazoa - 17338; Fungi - 3422; Plants - 5037; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 2996 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_849486.1
    • lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Alanine dehydrogenase/PNT, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007698), Saccharopine dehydrogenase / Homospermidine synthase (InterPro:IPR005097), Alanine dehydrogenase/PNT, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR007886), LOR/SDH bifunctional enzyme, conserved domain (InterPro:IPR007545); Has 1973 Blast hits to 1848 proteins in 422 species: Archae - 66; Bacteria - 527; Metazoa - 218; Fungi - 314; Plants - 71; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 777 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      15985174..15991633 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_179155.4 → NP_849486.1  lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_849486.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O04155, O04156, O04884, Q7DM71, Q947M5, Q94BT4, Q9SMZ4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V636, A0A5S9XY52, A0A654FV44, F4JVY8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02819
      Location:10 → 1064
      PLN02819; lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase

    2. NM_119469.4 → NP_567914.1  lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_567914.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O04155, O04156, O04884, Q7DM71, Q947M5, Q94BT4, Q9SMZ4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V636, A0A5S9XY52, A0A654FV44, F4JVY8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02819
      Location:10 → 1064
      PLN02819; lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase

    3. NM_001342200.1 → NP_001328161.1  lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O04155, O04156, O04884, Q7DM71, Q947M5, Q94BT4, Q9SMZ4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178V636, A0A5S9XY52, A0A654FV44, F4JVY8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02819
      Location:10 → 1064
      PLN02819; lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase

    4. NM_001160811.2 → NP_001154283.1  lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001154283.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9SMZ4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG1748
      Location:7 → 480
      Lys9; Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent [Amino acid transport and metabolism]
      pfam03435
      Location:7 → 142
      Sacchrp_dh_NADP; Saccharopine dehydrogenase NADP binding domain
      pfam16653
      Location:146 → 474
      Sacchrp_dh_C; Saccharopine dehydrogenase C-terminal domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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