hth homothorax [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: hthprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: homothoraxprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0001235
Locus tag: Dmel_CG17117
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0001235
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 1323/07; 1422/04; anon-EST:Liang-2.13; CG17117; clone 2.13; Dm-HTH; Dmel\CG17117; dtl; Hth; HTH; hth1; hth2; l(3)05745; l(3)86Ca; Meis1; MEIS1; P53
Summary: Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; protein heterodimerization activity; and transcription coactivator binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis; nervous system development; and positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Part of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex and protein-DNA complex. Is expressed in several structures, including imaginal disc; organism subdivision; segmental subdivision of organ system; specialized Malpighian tubule cell; and synaptic neuropil domain. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in cleft palate; cleft palate, cardiac defects, and intellectual disabillity; learning disability; open-angle glaucoma; and orofacial cleft. Orthologous to several human genes including MEIS1 (Meis homeobox 1) and MEIS3 (Meis homeobox 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 86C1-86C3; 3-50 cM

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3R	NT_033777.3 (10507561..10639568, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3R	NT_033777.2 (6333283..6465290, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Combined inactivation of RB and Hippo converts differentiating Drosophila photoreceptors into eye progenitor cells through derepression of homothorax.
Title: Combined inactivation of RB and Hippo converts differentiating Drosophila photoreceptors into eye progenitor cells through derepression of homothorax.
Homothorax controls a binary Rhodopsin switch in Drosophila ocelli.
Title: Homothorax controls a binary Rhodopsin switch in Drosophila ocelli.
Rather than directly regulating cell cycle genes, hth and tsh control cell proliferation through an intermediary layer of nuclear receptors of the ecdysone/estrogen-signaling pathway.
Title: Nuclear receptors connect progenitor transcription factors to cell cycle control.
The Ubx cofactor, Homothorax (Hth), was co-enriched with Ubx near enhancers that require Hth, even though Ubx and Hth did not co-localize throughout the nucleus. Thus, microenvironments of high local transcription factor and cofactor concentrations could help low-affinity sites overcome their kinetic inefficiency.
Title: Nuclear microenvironments modulate transcription from low-affinity enhancers.
Hth+Tsh-induced tissue overgrowth requires the BMP2 Dpp and the abnormal hyperactivation of its pathway. Rather than using autocrine Dpp expression, Hth+Tsh cells increase their avidity for Dpp, produced locally, by upregulating extracellular matrix components.
Title: Increased avidity for Dpp/BMP2 maintains the proliferation of progenitors-like cells in the Drosophila eye.
the satellite repeats get transcribed in wild type embryos and that this transcription depends on the presence of Hth, which binds to them as well as to the ribosomal DNA region.
Title: The TALE transcription factor homothorax functions to assemble heterochromatin during Drosophila embryogenesis.
The retinal determination gene Dachshund restricts cell proliferation by limiting the activity of the Homothorax-Yorkie complex
Title: The retinal determination gene Dachshund restricts cell proliferation by limiting the activity of the Homothorax-Yorkie complex.
Hth functions together with its co-factor Extradenticle to repress the R8-specific factor Senseless in dorsal rim area R8 cells, allowing expression of an ultraviolet-sensitive R7 Rhodopsin.
Title: Homothorax and Extradenticle alter the transcription factor network in Drosophila ommatidia at the dorsal rim of the retina.
Functional dissection of the splice variants of the Drosophila gene homothorax (hth
Title: Functional dissection of the splice variants of the Drosophila gene homothorax (hth).
Data indicate that loss of Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) tumor suppressor in the wing primordium induced epithelial neoplasia in its Homothorax (Hth)-expressing proximal domain.
Title: Epithelial neoplasia in Drosophila entails switch to primitive cell states.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (38)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Dm1757 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:35119

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
contributes_to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein heterodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transcription coactivator binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in brain development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in brain development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic pattern specification	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in eye development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in eye development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in haltere morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in head morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oenocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in peripheral nervous system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization to nucleus	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in proximal/distal pattern formation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of cell fate specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neuron differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in salivary gland boundary specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in segmentation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in somatic muscle development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in specification of animal organ identity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in specification of segmental identity, antennal segment	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in specification of segmental identity, head	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of protein-DNA complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: homothorax

Names: CG17117-PA; CG17117-PC; CG17117-PE; CG17117-PF; CG17117-PI; dorsotonals; gene II; hth-PA; hth-PC; hth-PE; hth-PF; hth-PI

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

Range

10507561..10639568 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_057228.5 → NP_476576.1 homothorax, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476576.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O17427, O46339, Q058V1, Q4AB34, Q59DX7, Q6NR42, Q7KQ21, Q8INL5, Q8INL6, Q9VGY9

Related

FBpp0081732

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam05920
Location:383 → 422

Homeobox_KN; Homeobox KN domain

pfam16493
Location:127 → 211

Meis_PKNOX_N; N-terminal of Homeobox Meis and PKNOX1
NM_057230.6 → NP_476578.3 homothorax, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476578.3

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O46339

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam05920
Location:368 → 407

Homeobox_KN; Homeobox KN domain

pfam16493
Location:127 → 211

Meis_PKNOX_N; N-terminal of Homeobox Meis and PKNOX1
NM_057229.5 → NP_476577.3 homothorax, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476577.3

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O46339

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam16493
Location:127 → 210

Meis_PKNOX_N; N-terminal of Homeobox Meis and PKNOX1
NM_001014613.3 → NP_001014613.2 homothorax, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014613.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

J7HAH8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam16493
Location:127 → 211

Meis_PKNOX_N; N-terminal of Homeobox Meis and PKNOX1
NM_001031999.2 → NP_001027170.1 homothorax, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001027170.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O46339

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam16493
Location:127 → 210

Meis_PKNOX_N; N-terminal of Homeobox Meis and PKNOX1