PHOT2 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: PHOT2
Official Full Name: phototropin 2
Primary source: TAIR:AT5G58140
Locus tag: AT5G58140
See related: Araport:AT5G58140
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: AtPHOT2; K21L19.6; K21L19_6; NON PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 1-LIKE; NPL1; phototropin 2
Summary: Membrane-bound protein serine/threonine kinase that functions as blue light photoreceptor in redundancy with PHO1. Involved in stomatal opening, chloroplast movement and phototropism. Mediates blue light-induced growth enhancements. PHOT1 and PHOT2 mediate blue light-dependent activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cell protoplasts. PHOT2 possesses two LOV (LOV1 and LOV2, for light-oxygen-voltage-sensing) domains involved in FMN-binding and a C-terminus forming a serine/threonine kinase domain. LOV2 acts as an inhibitor of phototropin kinase in the dark, and light cancels the inhibition through cysteine-FMN adduct formation. LOV1 in contrast acts as an attenuator of photoactivation. Localized to the Golgi apparatus under the induction of blue light.
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Genomic context

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See PHOT2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 5

Exon count:: 24

Sequence:: Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (23523825..23533111)

Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003076.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phototropin2 3'UTR overlaps with the AT5G58150 gene encoding an inactive RLK kinase.
Title: Phototropin2 3'UTR overlaps with the AT5G58150 gene encoding an inactive RLK kinase.
Phototropin Interactions with SUMO Proteins.
Title: Phototropin Interactions with SUMO Proteins.
Phototropin 1 and 2 Influence Photosynthesis, UV-C Induced Photooxidative Stress Responses, and Cell Death.
Title: Phototropin 1 and 2 Influence Photosynthesis, UV-C Induced Photooxidative Stress Responses, and Cell Death.
Phototropin2-mediated hypocotyl phototropism is negatively regulated by JAC1 and RPT2 in Arabidopsis.
Title: Phototropin2-mediated hypocotyl phototropism is negatively regulated by JAC1 and RPT2 in Arabidopsis.
Arabidopsis Phototropins Participate in the Regulation of Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence.
Title: Arabidopsis Phototropins Participate in the Regulation of Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence.
The continuing arc toward phototropic enlightenment.
Title: The continuing arc toward phototropic enlightenment.
Domain Organization in Plant Blue-Light Receptor Phototropin2 of Arabidopsis thaliana Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.
Title: Domain Organization in Plant Blue-Light Receptor Phototropin2 of Arabidopsis thaliana Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.
the kinase domain of Arabidopsis phot1 and phot2 can be successfully engineered to accommodate non-natural ATP analogues by substituting the bulky gatekeeper residue threonine for glycine.
Title: A chemical genetic approach to engineer phototropin kinases for substrate labeling.
phot2 mediates the stabilization and relocation of NPH3 to the plasma membrane to acclimate to high-intensity blue light.
Title: Phot2-regulated relocation of NPH3 mediates phototropic response to high-intensity blue light in Arabidopsis thaliana.
phot1 and phot2 phosphorylate BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1 (BLUS1) kinase as a common substrate in stomatal opening. phot1 phosphorylates BLUS1 more efficiently. The phosphorylation status of BLUS1 is a key determinant of physiological response.
Title: Arabidopsis phot1 and phot2 phosphorylate BLUS1 kinase with different efficiencies in stomatal opening.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (43)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001345288.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_001345289.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_001345290.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_125199.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_180879.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_180880.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_180881.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables FMN binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables FMN binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables blue light photoreceptor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in blue light signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within chloroplast relocation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within circadian rhythm	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within phototropism	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within phototropism	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to blue light	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in response to blue light	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within stomatal movement	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within stomatal movement	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plastid	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phototropin 2

NP_001318824.1

phototropin 2 (PHOT2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein serine/threonine kinase activity, FMN binding, kinase activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 7 processes; LOCATED IN: Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: PAC motif (InterPro:IPR001610), Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), PAS fold (InterPro:IPR013767), PAS (InterPro:IPR000014), PAS-associated, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR000700), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR020635); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phototropin 1 (TAIR:AT3G45780.2); Has 116857 Blast hits to 111891 proteins in 3634 species: Archae - 310; Bacteria - 19970; Metazoa - 40401; Fungi - 12638; Plants - 24325; Viruses - 447; Other Eukaryotes - 18766 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_568874.2

phototropin 2 (PHOT2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein serine/threonine kinase activity, FMN binding, kinase activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 7 processes; LOCATED IN: Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: PAC motif (InterPro:IPR001610), Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), PAS fold (InterPro:IPR013767), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), PAS (InterPro:IPR000014), PAS-associated, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR000700), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phototropin 1 (TAIR:AT3G45780.2); Has 25181 Blast hits to 21357 proteins in 1460 species: Archae - 236; Bacteria - 6754; Metazoa - 8411; Fungi - 2718; Plants - 3113; Viruses - 9; Other Eukaryotes - 3940 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_851210.1

phototropin 2 (PHOT2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein serine/threonine kinase activity, FMN binding, kinase activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 7 processes; LOCATED IN: Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: PAC motif (InterPro:IPR001610), Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), PAS fold (InterPro:IPR013767), PAS (InterPro:IPR000014), PAS-associated, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR000700), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR020635); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phototropin 1 (TAIR:AT3G45780.2); Has 116748 Blast hits to 111792 proteins in 3621 species: Archae - 310; Bacteria - 19900; Metazoa - 40386; Fungi - 12616; Plants - 24323; Viruses - 447; Other Eukaryotes - 18766 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_851212.2

phototropin 2 (PHOT2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein serine/threonine kinase activity, FMN binding, kinase activity, blue light photoreceptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 7 processes; LOCATED IN: Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 26 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: PAC motif (InterPro:IPR001610), Protein kinase, ATP binding site (InterPro:IPR017441), Serine/threonine-protein kinase domain (InterPro:IPR002290), PAS fold (InterPro:IPR013767), PAS (InterPro:IPR000014), PAS-associated, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR000700), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (InterPro:IPR008271), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phototropin 1 (TAIR:AT3G45780.2); Has 116115 Blast hits to 111145 proteins in 3570 species: Archae - 310; Bacteria - 19809; Metazoa - 40204; Fungi - 12201; Plants - 24204; Viruses - 440; Other Eukaryotes - 18947 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

Range

23523825..23533111

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001345288.1 → NP_001318824.1 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O81204, P93025, Q8RWE6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178URG7, A0A5S9YFR6, A0A654GC45

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PRK13557
Location:392 → 514

PRK13557; histidine kinase; Provisional

PRK13559
Location:128 → 241

PRK13559; hypothetical protein; Provisional

cd05574
Location:575 → 888

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
NM_001345289.1 → NP_001330355.1 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O81204, P93025, Q8RWE6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178URG7, A0A5S9YFR6, A0A654GC45

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PRK13557
Location:392 → 514

PRK13557; histidine kinase; Provisional

PRK13559
Location:128 → 241

PRK13559; hypothetical protein; Provisional

cd05574
Location:575 → 888

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
NM_180879.2 → NP_851210.1 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_851210.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O81204, P93025, Q8RWE6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178URG7, A0A5S9YFR6, A0A654GC45

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PRK13557
Location:392 → 514

PRK13557; histidine kinase; Provisional

PRK13559
Location:128 → 241

PRK13559; hypothetical protein; Provisional

cd05574
Location:575 → 888

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
NM_001345290.1 → NP_001330356.1 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O81204, P93025, Q8RWE6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178URG7, A0A5S9YFR6, A0A654GC45

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PRK13557
Location:392 → 514

PRK13557; histidine kinase; Provisional

PRK13559
Location:128 → 241

PRK13559; hypothetical protein; Provisional

cd05574
Location:575 → 888

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
NM_180880.2 → NP_851211.1 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_851211.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O81204, P93025, Q8RWE6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178URG7, A0A5S9YFR6, A0A654GC45

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PRK13557
Location:392 → 514

PRK13557; histidine kinase; Provisional

PRK13559
Location:128 → 241

PRK13559; hypothetical protein; Provisional

cd05574
Location:575 → 888

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases
NM_125199.2 → NP_568874.2 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_568874.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

F4KDJ3

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:399 → 491

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam13426
Location:391 → 491

PAS_9; PAS domain

cl21453
Location:575 → 681

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_180881.3 → NP_851212.2 phototropin 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_851212.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A654GC45, A8MS49

Conserved Domains (4) summary

smart00220
Location:577 → 864

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd00130
Location:399 → 491

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

cd05574
Location:575 → 876

STKc_phototropin_like; Catalytic domain of Phototropin-like Serine/Threonine Kinases

pfam13426
Location:391 → 491

PAS_9; PAS domain