PTGES2 prostaglandin E synthase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PTGES2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: prostaglandin E synthase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:17822
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000148334 MIM:608152; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17822
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GBF1; GBF-1; PGES2; C9orf15; mPGES-2
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been shown to activate the transcription regulated by a gamma-interferon-activated transcription element (GATE). Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2009]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 13.3), kidney (RPKM 10.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q34.11

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	9	NC_000009.12 (128120693..128128440, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	9	NC_060933.1 (140328727..140336488, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	9	NC_000009.11 (130882972..130890719, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Inhibiting cholesterol de novo synthesis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating prostaglandin E synthase 2-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism under high fatty acid conditions.
Title: Inhibiting cholesterol de novo synthesis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating prostaglandin E synthase 2-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism under high fatty acid conditions.
Parasitic load determination by differential expressions of 5-lipoxygenase and PGE2 synthases in visceral leishmaniasis.
Title: Parasitic load determination by differential expressions of 5-lipoxygenase and PGE2 synthases in visceral leishmaniasis.
This suggests that the interaction with the microenvironment occurs at both early and late thyroid tumor stages, and favors tumor progression. The co-expression of PTGS2 gene and M2 markers in human thyroid carcinoma highlights the possibility to counteract tumor growth through COX-2 inhibition.
Title: Senescent thyrocytes and thyroid tumor cells induce M2-like macrophage polarization of human monocytes via a PGE2-dependent mechanism.
Four single nucleotide polymorphisms in two genes in the PGE2 family, PTGES2 and PTGER4, were significantly associated with primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
Title: Genetic variation in the prostaglandin E2 pathway is associated with primary graft dysfunction.
high immunoreactivity of mPGES-2 in pyramidal neurons of AD brains indicates that it might have a potential role in the functional replacement of cytosolic PGES or inactive mPGES-1 in later stages of Alzheimer disease
Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2: cellular distribution and expression in Alzheimer's disease.
These results indicate that mPGES-1 and mPGES-2 may each play a role in colorectal cancer progression.
Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase protein levels correlate with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
all three terminal prostaglandin synthases, mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES, are over-expressed in human gliomas
Title: The terminal prostaglandin synthases mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES are all overexpressed in human gliomas.
A marginal but significant influence of the PTGES2 298H single nucleotide polymorphism on BMI was found in a large population-based study.
Title: Association analysis between the prostaglandin E synthase 2 R298H polymorphism and body mass index in 8079 participants of the KORA study cohort.
Observational study and meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Polymorphism in the IL18 gene and epithelial ovarian cancer in non-Hispanic white women.
risk-reducing effects of the minor His allele of the prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism could be mediated partly by lowered body mass index (BMI)
Title: Prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) Arg298His polymorphism and parameters of the metabolic syndrome.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-147521 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:172822

RH68883 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:26663

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutathione binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables heme binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables lyase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cyclooxygenase pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in azurophil granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	HTP more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: prostaglandin E synthase 2

Names: GATE-binding factor 1; gamma-interferon-activated transcriptional element-binding factor 1; mPGE synthase-2; membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase 2; microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2; prostaglandin-H(2) E-isomerase

NP_001243264.1

EC 5.3.99.3

NP_079348.1

EC 5.3.99.3

NP_945176.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_011517352.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_024303456.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_047279857.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_054219846.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_054219847.1

EC 5.3.99.3

XP_054219848.1

EC 5.3.99.3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_012488.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5467..12503

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001256335.2 → NP_001243264.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243264.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and uses a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 2 and 5 encode isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AL590708, BC011613, BG481657

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1

Related

ENSP00000482913.1, ENST00000617202.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd03197
Location:33 → 179

GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2
NM_025072.7 → NP_079348.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_079348.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AL590708, BC011613

Consensus CDS

CCDS6891.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q53EW9, Q5SYV6, Q96GI0, Q96GL2, Q9H7Z7

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B3KPZ2

Related

ENSP00000345341.6, ENST00000338961.11

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd03197
Location:224 → 370

GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

cd03040
Location:101 → 177

GST_N_mPGES2; GST_N family; microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2 (mPGES2) subfamily; mPGES2 is a membrane-anchored dimeric protein containing a CXXC motif which catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2. Unlike cytosolic PGE synthase (cPGES) and microsomal ...
NM_198938.3 → NP_945176.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_945176.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and uses a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 2 and 5 encode isoform 2.

Source sequence(s)

AK057049, AK301618, AL590708, BC011613

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1

Related

ENSP00000277462.5, ENST00000277462.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd03197
Location:33 → 179

GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

128120693..128128440 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011519050.2 → XP_011517352.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011517352.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd03197
Location:33 → 179

GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2
XM_024447688.2 → XP_024303456.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0, B4DWP1

Related

ENSP00000503821.1, ENST00000677691.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd03197
Location:33 → 179

GST_C_mPGES2; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase Type 2
XM_047423901.1 → XP_047279857.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A7I2V5X6

Related

ENSP00000504746.1, ENST00000678916.1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

140328727..140336488 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_054363872.1 → XP_054219847.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0
XM_054363873.1 → XP_054219848.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R8C3, A6NHH0
XM_054363871.1 → XP_054219846.1 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A7I2V5X6

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_198939.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_198939.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
NM_198940.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_198940.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
NR_027812.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NR_027812.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript.