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    Gk glycerol kinase [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 14933, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Gkprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    glycerol kinaseprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:106594
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025059 AllianceGenome:MGI:106594
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Gyk; D930012N15Rik
    Summary
    Enables glycerol kinase activity. Involved in triglyceride biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within glucose homeostasis; glycerol metabolic process; and regulation of fatty acid metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is active in cytosol. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; brown fat; genitourinary system; liver; and spleen. Used to study glycerol kinase deficiency. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in glycerol kinase deficiency. Orthologous to human GK (glycerol kinase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Broad expression in kidney adult (RPKM 16.2), liver E18 (RPKM 11.4) and 17 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    X C1; X 39.32 cM
    Exon count:
    22
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (84745543..84820425, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (85701937..85776819, complement)

    Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ferritin, heavy polypeptide-like 17, member A Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47493 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47494 Neighboring gene TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 3 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39523 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47495 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_47496 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E8762 Neighboring gene replication protein A 14 kDa subunit pseudogene Neighboring gene mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog pseudogene Neighboring gene TLR adaptor interacting with endolysosomal SLC15A4

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Tissue-dependent alterations in lipid mass in mice lacking glycerol kinase. Golovko MY, et al. Lipids, 2005 Mar. PMID 15957255
    2. Targeted disruption of glycerol kinase gene in mice: expression analysis in liver shows alterations in network partners related to glycerol kinase activity. MacLennan NK, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2006 Feb 1. PMID 16368706
    3. Glycerol kinase deficiency alters expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and insulin signaling. Rahib L, et al. Eur J Hum Genet, 2007 Jun. PMID 17406644
    4. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies biomarkers in glycerol kinase deficient mice. MacLennan NK, et al. Mol Genet Metab, 2009 Sep-Oct. PMID 19546021
    5. Deletion of pleiotrophin impairs glucose tolerance and liver metabolism in pregnant mice: Moonlighting role of glycerol kinase. Zapatería B, et al. FASEB J, 2021 Oct. PMID 34551152

    See all (52) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Deletion of pleiotrophin impairs glucose tolerance and liver metabolism in pregnant mice: Moonlighting role of glycerol kinase.
      Title: Deletion of pleiotrophin impairs glucose tolerance and liver metabolism in pregnant mice: Moonlighting role of glycerol kinase.
    2. Glycerol kinase enhances hepatic lipid metabolism by repressing nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in the nucleus.
      Title: Glycerol kinase enhances hepatic lipid metabolism by repressing nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in the nucleus.
    3. Glycerol kinase stimulates uncoupling protein 1 expression by regulating fatty acid metabolism in beige adipocytes.
      Title: Glycerol kinase stimulates uncoupling protein 1 expression by regulating fatty acid metabolism in beige adipocytes.
    4. GK may have an apoptotic moonlighting role that is lost in glycerol kinase deficiency.
      Title: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies biomarkers in glycerol kinase deficient mice.
    5. Network component analysis demonstrated that transcription factors decreased in the Gyk KO mice.
      Title: Transcriptomic and network component analysis of glycerol kinase in skeletal muscle using a mouse model of glycerol kinase deficiency.
    6. Comparison of expression patterns, as well as enzymatic characteristics and subcellular localization of alternatively spliced glycerol kinase isoforms.
      Title: Human and murine glycerol kinase: influence of exon 18 alternative splicing on function.
    7. AQP7 disruption elevates adipose glycerol kinase activity, accelerates triglycerides synthesis in adipocytes, and, finally, develops obesity.
      Title: Aquaporin 7 deficiency is associated with development of obesity through activation of adipose glycerol kinase.
    8. PPAR-gamma, SREBP-1, SREBP-2, STAT3, STAT5, SP1, CEBPalpha, CREB, GR and PPAR-alpha have altered activity in glycerol kinase knockout mice.
      Title: Glycerol kinase deficiency alters expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and insulin signaling.
    9. Gyk deletion causes alterations in expression of genes in several regulatory networks; the first time network component analysis has been used to expand on microarray data from a mouse knockout model of a human disease
      Title: Targeted disruption of glycerol kinase gene in mice: expression analysis in liver shows alterations in network partners related to glycerol kinase activity.
    10. Gyk deficient mice show a change in phosphlipid and cholestesrol mass in several organs.
      Title: Tissue-dependent alterations in lipid mass in mice lacking glycerol kinase.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables glycerol kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables glycerol kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glycerol kinase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glycerol kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glycerol catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glycerol metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within glycerol metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glycerol metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of fatty acid metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to ethanol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to ethanol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to norepinephrine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in triglyceride biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in triglyceride metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in triglyceride metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial outer membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in mitochondrion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    glycerol kinase
    Names
    ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase
    glycerokinase
    NP_001281067.1
    NP_001281069.1
    NP_001317975.1
    NP_032220.1
    NP_997609.1
    XP_006527892.1
    XP_006527894.1
    XP_006527896.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001294138.1 → NP_001281067.1  glycerol kinase isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains one alternate exon and lacks two alternate exons in the coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 4. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 4.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK169424, AK169525, AL645567, BQ176629
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS81150.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B1ASZ3, Q3TET2
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000120754.2, ENSMUST00000142152.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 541
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases
      TIGR01311
      Location:11 → 541
      glycerol_kin; glycerol kinase

    2. NM_001294140.1 → NP_001281069.1  glycerol kinase isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001281069.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (4).
      Source sequence(s)
      AK044308, AK169424, AK169525, AL645567, AL672056, BQ176629
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS81149.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1ASZ1, Q64516, Q8C2M1, Q8C8X0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TEN9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000109611.3, ENSMUST00000113978.9
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 519
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases
      TIGR01311
      Location:11 → 519
      glycerol_kin; glycerol kinase

    3. NM_001331046.1 → NP_001317975.1  glycerol kinase isoform 5

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 4. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter than isoform 4.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK169424, AK169525, BQ176629, CF535556
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TEN9

    4. NM_008194.3 → NP_032220.1  glycerol kinase isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032220.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the coding region compared to variant 4. The encoded isoform (1) is shorter than isoform 4.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK169424, AK169525, AL672056, BQ176629
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53126.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TEN9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000026039.9, ENSMUST00000026039.15
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 513
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases
      TIGR01311
      Location:11 → 513
      glycerol_kin; glycerol kinase

    5. NM_212444.2 → NP_997609.1  glycerol kinase isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_997609.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region compared to variant 4. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 4.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL645567, AL672056
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41050.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TEN9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000119564.2, ENSMUST00000156390.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 513
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases
      TIGR01311
      Location:11 → 513
      glycerol_kin; glycerol kinase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      84745543..84820425 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006527831.3 → XP_006527894.1  glycerol kinase isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TET2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 541
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases

    2. XM_006527829.3 → XP_006527892.1  glycerol kinase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TET2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 547
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases

    3. XM_006527833.4 → XP_006527896.1  glycerol kinase isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q3TET2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07792
      Location:11 → 547
      FGGY_GK1-3_metazoa; Metazoan glycerol kinase 1 and 3-like proteins; belongs to the FGGY family of carbohydrate kinases
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q64516.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q64516

    Gene LinkOut

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