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    IRX12 Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 818386, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IRX12
    Official Full Name
    Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT2G38080
    Locus tag
    AT2G38080
    See related
    Araport:AT2G38080
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ARABIDOPSIS LACCASE-LIKE MULTICOPPER OXIDASE 4; ATLMCO4; F16M14.1; F16M14_1; IRREGULAR XYLEM 12; LAC4; LACCASE 4; LACCASE-LIKE MULTICOPPER OXIDASE 4; LMCO4
    Summary
    LAC4 appears to have laccase activity based on enzyme assays performed using lac4 mutants. These mutants also have reduced levels of lignin. LAC4 is expressed in vascular bundles and fibers and likely contributes to lignin biosynthesis, and hence cell wall biosynthesis, there. lac4/irx12 mutants have a mild irregular xylem phenotype.
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    Genomic context

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    See IRX12 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 2
    Exon count:
    6
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (15934244..15937616)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene LOW protein: UPF0503-like protein, putative (DUF740) Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein Neighboring gene proton-dependent oligopeptide transport (POT) family protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003071.7

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. Yi Chou E, et al. J Exp Bot, 2018 Apr 9. PMID 29481639, Free PMC Article
    2. MiR397b regulates both lignin content and seed number in Arabidopsis via modulating a laccase involved in lignin biosynthesis. Wang CY, et al. Plant Biotechnol J, 2014 Oct. PMID 24975689
    3. Disruption of LACCASE4 and 17 results in tissue-specific alterations to lignification of Arabidopsis thaliana stems. Berthet S, et al. Plant Cell, 2011 Mar. PMID 21447792, Free PMC Article
    4. Laccase is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase for lignin polymerization during vascular development in Arabidopsis. Zhao Q, et al. Plant Cell, 2013 Oct. PMID 24143805, Free PMC Article
    5. Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development. Hoffmann N, et al. Plant Physiol, 2020 Oct. PMID 32699027, Free PMC Article

    See all (7) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development.
      Title: Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development.
    2. PRX64 localizes to the middle lamella whereas LAC4 localizes throughout the secondary cell wall layers.
      Title: Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls.
    3. A laccase gene, LAC4, regulated by a microRNA, miR397b, controls both lignin biosynthesis and seed yield in Arabidopsis.
      Title: MiR397b regulates both lignin content and seed number in Arabidopsis via modulating a laccase involved in lignin biosynthesis.
    4. Simultaneous disruption of LAC11 along with LAC4 and LAC17 causes severe plant growth arrest, narrower root diameter, indehiscent anthers, and vascular development arrest with lack of lignification.
      Title: Laccase is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase for lignin polymerization during vascular development in Arabidopsis.
    5. Disruption of LAC4 affects plant development, vascular tissues, lignification, and saccharification efficiency to various extents.
      Title: Disruption of LACCASE4 and 17 results in tissue-specific alterations to lignification of Arabidopsis thaliana stems.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_129364.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables copper ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables oxidoreductase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within lignin biosynthetic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within lignin biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in plant-type cell wall IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein
    NP_565881.1
    • IRREGULAR XYLEM 12 (IRX12); FUNCTIONS IN: laccase activity; INVOLVED IN: secondary cell wall biogenesis; LOCATED IN: endomembrane system, apoplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Multicopper oxidase, type 3 (InterPro:IPR011707), Laccase (InterPro:IPR017761), Multicopper oxidase, type 2 (InterPro:IPR011706), Cupredoxin (InterPro:IPR008972), Multicopper oxidase, copper-binding site (InterPro:IPR002355), Multicopper oxidase, type 1 (InterPro:IPR001117); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: laccase 10 (TAIR:AT5G01190.1); Has 9472 Blast hits to 8326 proteins in 1422 species: Archae - 45; Bacteria - 3703; Metazoa - 467; Fungi - 3359; Plants - 1600; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 298 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

      Range
      15934244..15937616
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_129364.4 → NP_565881.1  Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565881.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O80434, Q940U7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178VQR2, A0A5S9X505, A0A7G2EC44
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR03389
      Location:26 → 558
      laccase; plant
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O80434.2

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