CAD1 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: CAD1
Official Full Name: phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1)
Primary source: TAIR:AT5G44070
Locus tag: AT5G44070
See related: Araport:AT5G44070
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ARA8; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE 1; ATPCS1; CADMIUM SENSITIVE 1; MRH10.18; MRH10_18; PCS1; PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE; PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE 1
Summary: Phytochelatin synthase gene confers tolerance to cadmium ions. Catalyzes phytochelatin (PC) synthesis from glutathione (GSH) in the presence of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+, but not by Co2+ or Ni2+.
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Genomic context

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See CAD1 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 5

Exon count:: 9

Sequence:: Chromosome: 5; NC_003076.8 (17734706..17737859)

Chromosome 5 - NC_003076.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003076.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CAD1 contributes to osmotic tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by suppressing immune responses under osmotic stress.
Title: CAD1 contributes to osmotic tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by suppressing immune responses under osmotic stress.
A novel allele of the Arabidopsis thaliana MACPF protein CAD1 results in deregulated immune signaling.
Title: A novel allele of the Arabidopsis thaliana MACPF protein CAD1 results in deregulated immune signaling.
Findings suggest that the PCS1 protein (At5g44070) might be involved in the production of the enzyme phytochelatin synthase, which in turn bind, localize, store or sequester heavy metals in plant cells.
Title: In silico and in vivo studies of molecular structures and mechanisms of AtPCS1 protein involved in binding arsenite and/or cadmium in plant cells.
Recombinant AtPCS1s with mutations at Tyr55 showed lower catalytic activities because of reduced affinity (3-fold for Y55W) for the CdGS2, further suggesting the role of the cation-pi interaction in recognition of the second substrate.
Title: Tentative identification of the second substrate binding site in Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase.
Loss of AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 function or of PCS1 function leads to comparable Cd sensitivity.
Title: Mutants impaired in vacuolar metal mobilization identify chloroplasts as a target for cadmium hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Inducible expression of the Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase AtPCS1 in the triple knockout yeast system, resulted in the turnover of glutathione-S-bimane to the gamma-GluCys-bimane conjugate as observed in plants. [phytochelatin synthase] [AtPCS1]
Title: Dissection of glutathione conjugate turnover in yeast.
In contrast to wild type and CePCS transformants, AtPCS1 transformants were Cd-hypersensitive although there was no difference in cadmium accumulation between studied lines.
Title: Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in tobacco: distinctive effects of AtPCS1 and CePCS genes on plant response to cadmium.
Cd(2+) tolerance in cultured rolB roots was increased as a result of overexpression of AtPCS1, and further enhanced when reduced glutathione (GSH, the substrate of PCS1) was added to the culture medium.
Title: Overexpression of Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase in tobacco plants enhances Cd(2+) tolerance and accumulation but not translocation to the shoot.
When AtPCS1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis the A2::AtPCS1 plants were highly resistant to arsenic, accumulating 20-100 times more biomass on 250 and 300 microM arsenate than wild type.
Title: Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis leads to enhanced arsenic tolerance and cadmium hypersensitivity.
Arabidopsis PCS1 in the cytosol importantly decreased cadmium tolerance, both cadmium tolerance and accumulation of plants expressing plastidial PCS1 were not significantly affected compared to wild-type.
Title: Chloroplast targeting of phytochelatin synthase in Arabidopsis: effects on heavy metal tolerance and accumulation.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001344531.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_123774.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cadmium ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables copper ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within arsenite transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response by callose deposition in cell wall	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within indole glucosinolate catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in phytochelatin biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within phytochelatin biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to arsenic-containing substance	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to arsenic-containing substance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cadmium ion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cadmium ion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to metal ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chloroplast	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plastid	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1)

NP_199220.1

CADMIUM SENSITIVE 1 (CAD1); FUNCTIONS IN: cadmium ion binding, copper ion binding, glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 6 processes; LOCATED IN: cytosol; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Phytochelatin synthase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR015407), Phytochelatin synthase (InterPro:IPR007719); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: phytochelatin synthase 2 (TAIR:AT1G03980.1); Has 1807 Blast hits to 1807 proteins in 277 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 0; Metazoa - 736; Fungi - 347; Plants - 385; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 339 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003076.8 Reference assembly

Range

17734706..17737859

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_123774.4 → NP_199220.1 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_199220.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8W122, Q9M6R0, Q9S7Z3, Q9XHP8, Q9ZPM2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UMN4, A0A5S9YB46, A8WBZ5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam05023
Location:7 → 213

Phytochelatin; Phytochelatin synthase

pfam09328
Location:231 → 458

Phytochelatin_C; Domain of unknown function (DUF1984)
NM_001344531.1 → NP_001332549.1 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A1P8BHA6, A8WBZ5