SYP121 syntaxin of plants 121 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: SYP121
Official Full Name: syntaxin of plants 121
Primary source: TAIR:AT3G11820
Locus tag: AT3G11820
See related: Araport:AT3G11820
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: AT-SYR1; ATSYP121; ATSYR1; PEN1; PENETRATION1; syntaxin of plants 121; SYNTAXIN RELATED PROTEIN 1; SYR1
Summary: Encodes a syntaxin localized at the plasma membrane (SYR1, Syntaxin Related Protein 1, also known as SYP121, PENETRATION1/PEN1). SYR1/PEN1 is a member of the SNARE superfamily proteins. SNARE proteins are involved in cell signaling, vesicle traffic, growth and development. SYR1/PEN1 functions in positioning anchoring of the KAT1 K+ channel protein at the plasma membrane. Transcription is upregulated by abscisic acid, suggesting a role in ABA signaling. Also functions in non-host resistance against barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis sp. hordei. SYR1/PEN1 is a nonessential component of the preinvasive resistance against Colletotrichum fungus. Required for mlo resistance. The syp121 point mutation results in stomatal phenotypes that reduce CO2 assimilation, slow vegetative growth and increase water use efficiency in the whole plant, conditional upon high light intensities and low relative humidity.
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Genomic context

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See SYP121 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 3

Exon count:: 3

Sequence:: Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (3729305..3731251, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003074.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

This results suggest that SYP121 binding to the K(+) channels serves the role of a primary trigger to initiate assembly of the secretory machinery for exocytosis.
Title: K(+) Channel-SEC11 Binding Exchange Regulates SNARE Assembly for Secretory Traffic.
SYP121 has two SEC11-binding motifs within the N terminus of SYP121. One motif is centered on residues F9xRF, which are also important for K+ channel binding.
Title: Dual Sites for SEC11 on the SNARE SYP121 Implicate a Binding Exchange during Secretory Traffic.
SYP121 and SYP122 are associated with different subsets of cargo proteins that are targeted for secretion at the plasma membrane.
Title: SNAREs SYP121 and SYP122 Mediate the Secretion of Distinct Cargo Subsets.
Clathrin and SYP121 functions are important for the coordination of endocytosis and exocytosis and have an impact on stomatal function, gas exchange, and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Title: Clathrin Heavy Chain Subunits Coordinate Endo- and Exocytic Traffic and Affect Stomatal Movement.
The domain of SEC11 that bound the SYP121 N terminus was itself able to block secretory traffic in the wild type and syp122 but not in syp121 mutant Arabidopsis.
Title: Binding of SEC11 indicates its role in SNARE recycling after vesicle fusion and identifies two pathways for vesicular traffic to the plasma membrane.
Post-Golgi trafficking of PIP2;7 involves interactions with Qc-SNARE SYP61 and Qa-SNARE SYP121. The proper delivery of PIP2;7 to the plasma membrane depends on the activity of the two SNAREs, and that the SNAREs colocalize and physically interact.
Title: Arabidopsis SNAREs SYP61 and SYP121 coordinate the trafficking of plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;7 to modulate the cell membrane water permeability.
ATL31 plays an important role in connecting the Carbon/Nitrogen response with basal immunity by promoting papilla formation through its association with SYP121.
Title: The carbon/nitrogen regulator ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA31 controls papilla formation in response to powdery mildew fungi penetration by interacting with SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS121 in Arabidopsis.
SYP121 facilitates stomatal reopening and they suggest that K channel traffic and recycling to the plasma membrane underpins the stress memory phenomenon of programmed closure in stomata.
Title: The trafficking protein SYP121 of Arabidopsis connects programmed stomatal closure and K⁺ channel activity with vegetative growth.
Data indicate that SEC11 (At1g12360) binds directly with SYP121 (At3g11820) both in vitro and in vivo to affect secretory traffic.
Title: Arabidopsis Sec1/Munc18 protein SEC11 is a competitive and dynamic modulator of SNARE binding and SYP121-dependent vesicle traffic.
SNARE interaction with the KC1 K+ channel depends on the presence of the N terminus of SYP121.
Title: A novel motif essential for SNARE interaction with the K(+) channel KC1 and channel gating in Arabidopsis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D1S3691 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474269

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_112015.3

Supported by ESTs:

NM_202559.3

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables SNAP receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables SNAP receptor activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-membrane adaptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to fungus	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular protein transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular protein transport	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within membrane fusion	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cellular defense response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of defense response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of programmed cell death	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein localization to plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein targeting to membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of stomatal movement	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to abscisic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to fungus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within secretion by cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within transpiration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within vesicle-mediated transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of SNARE complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of SNARE complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in cell plate	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in plasmodesma	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in trans-Golgi network	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: syntaxin of plants 121

NP_187788.1

syntaxin of plants 121 (SYP121); FUNCTIONS IN: protein anchor, SNAP receptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 13 processes; LOCATED IN: SNARE complex, plasma membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Target SNARE coiled-coil domain (InterPro:IPR000727), Syntaxin/epimorphin, conserved site (InterPro:IPR006012), t-SNARE (InterPro:IPR010989), Syntaxin, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR006011); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: syntaxin of plants 124 (TAIR:AT1G61290.1); Has 2385 Blast hits to 2376 proteins in 301 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 6; Metazoa - 1106; Fungi - 480; Plants - 466; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 327 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_974288.1

syntaxin of plants 121 (SYP121); FUNCTIONS IN: protein anchor, SNAP receptor activity; INVOLVED IN: in 13 processes; LOCATED IN: SNARE complex, plasma membrane; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Target SNARE coiled-coil domain (InterPro:IPR000727), t-SNARE (InterPro:IPR010989), Syntaxin/epimorphin, conserved site (InterPro:IPR006012), Syntaxin, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR006011); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: syntaxin of plants 122 (TAIR:AT3G52400.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

Range

3729305..3731251 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_202559.3 → NP_974288.1 syntaxin of plants 121 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_974288.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9ZSD4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00804
Location:13 → 218

Syntaxin

cl22856
Location:186 → 252

SNARE; SNARE motif
NM_112015.3 → NP_187788.1 syntaxin of plants 121 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_187788.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

F4J7G9, Q9ZSD4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VIM4, A0A5S9XBH2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00804
Location:44 → 249

Syntaxin

cl22856
Location:217 → 283

SNARE; SNARE motif