SPA2 SPA1-related 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: SPA2
Official Full Name: SPA1-related 2
Primary source: TAIR:AT4G11110
Locus tag: AT4G11110
See related: Araport:AT4G11110
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: SPA1-related 2; T22B4.90; T22B4_90
Summary: Encodes a member of the SPA (suppressor of phyA-105) protein family (SPA1-SPA4). SPA proteins contain an N-terminal serine/threonine kinase-like motif followed by a coiled-coil structure and a C-terminal WD-repeat domain. SPA proteins function redundantly in suppressing photomorphogenesis in dark- and light-grown seedlings. SPA2 primarily regulates seedling development in darkness and has little function in light-grown seedlings or adult plants.
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Genomic context

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See SPA2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 8

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (6771605..6777225)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Light-induced degradation of SPA2 via its N-terminal kinase domain is required for photomorphogenesis.
Title: Light-induced degradation of SPA2 via its N-terminal kinase domain is required for photomorphogenesis.
SPA proteins have a dual role: (1) they are required for light-responsiveness of COP1 subcellular localization, and (2) they promote COP1 activity in darkness in a fashion that is independent of the nuclear import/nuclear retention of COP1.
Title: SPA Proteins Affect the Subcellular Localization of COP1 in the COP1/SPA Ubiquitin Ligase Complex during Photomorphogenesis.
The N-terminal kinase-like domain is primarily responsible for the respective light-responsiveness of SPA1 and SPA2.
Title: The functional divergence between SPA1 and SPA2 in Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis maps primarily to the respective N-terminal kinase-like domain.
propose that light perceived by phytochromes causes a switch in the ubiquitination activity of COP1/SPA2 from ubiquitinating downstream substrates to ubiquitinating SPA2, which subsequently causes a repression of COP1/SPA2 function
Title: Photoreceptor Specificity in the Light-Induced and COP1-Mediated Rapid Degradation of the Repressor of Photomorphogenesis SPA2 in Arabidopsis.
COP1/SPA activity, via LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FR LIGHT1, is required for shade-induced modulation of the auxin biosynthesis pathway and thereby enhances cell elongation in low red:far red.
Title: Arabidopsis COP1 and SPA genes are essential for plant elongation but not for acceleration of flowering time in response to a low red light to far-red light ratio.
SPA1 and SPA2 proteins are rapidly de-stabilized upon light exposure. SPA2 protein is inherently incapable of repressing photomorphogenesis in light-grown seedlings.
Title: Light exposure of Arabidopsis seedlings causes rapid de-stabilization as well as selective post-translational inactivation of the repressor of photomorphogenesis SPA2.
SPA2 protein can self-associate or interact with each other, forming stable heterogeneous group of SPA-COP1 complexes regardless of light conditions but exhibit distinct expression profiles in different tissues and light conditions.
Title: Biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis complexes containing CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA proteins in light control of plant development.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_117181.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in photomorphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: SPA1-related 2

NP_192849.4

SPA1-related 2 (SPA2); FUNCTIONS IN: protein binding, signal transducer activity; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid phosphorylation; LOCATED IN: CUL4 RING ubiquitin ligase complex, heterotrimeric G-protein complex; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: WD40 repeat 2 (InterPro:IPR019782), WD40 repeat, conserved site (InterPro:IPR019775), WD40 repeat (InterPro:IPR001680), Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR017442), Protein kinase-like domain (InterPro:IPR011009), G-protein beta WD-40 repeat, region (InterPro:IPR020472), WD40 repeat-like-containing domain (InterPro:IPR011046), Protein kinase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000719), WD40-repeat-containing domain (InterPro:IPR017986), WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (InterPro:IPR015943), WD40 repeat, subgroup (InterPro:IPR019781); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: SPA (suppressor of phyA-105) protein family (TAIR:AT2G46340.1); Has 34047 Blast hits to 20982 proteins in 883 species: Archae - 38; Bacteria - 5461; Metazoa - 12841; Fungi - 7307; Plants - 4015; Viruses - 10; Other Eukaryotes - 4375 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

Range

6771605..6777225

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_117181.4 → NP_192849.4 SPA1-related 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_192849.4

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O82506, O82507, Q0WP97, Q9T014

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A654FN87

Conserved Domains (4) summary

PLN00181
Location:299 → 1036

PLN00181; protein SPA1-RELATED; Provisional

cd00200
Location:723 → 1032

WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

sd00039
Location:726 → 769

7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

cl21453
Location:299 → 548

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain