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    GSTZ1 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2954, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    GSTZ1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    glutathione S-transferase zeta 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4643
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000100577 MIM:603758; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4643
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MAI; MAAI; MAAID; GSTZ1-1
    Summary
    This gene is a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) super-family which encodes multifunctional enzymes important in the detoxification of electrophilic molecules, including carcinogens, mutagens, and several therapeutic drugs, by conjugation with glutathione. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacatate, which is one of the steps in the phenylalanine/tyrosine degradation pathway. Deficiency of a similar gene in mouse causes oxidative stress. Several transcript variants of this gene encode multiple protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
    Expression
    Broad expression in liver (RPKM 23.8), testis (RPKM 10.9) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See GSTZ1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q24.3
    Exon count:
    12
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (77321036..77331597)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (71530399..71540959)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (77787379..77797940)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene microRNA 1260a Neighboring gene neuroglobin Neighboring gene protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5968 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77769341-77769842 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77769843-77770342 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2495 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5969 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5970 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77787600-77788461 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77795945-77797144 Neighboring gene transmembrane p24 trafficking protein family member 8 Neighboring gene ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (JR blood group) pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5971 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5972 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8800 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:77846838-77847018 Neighboring gene sterile alpha motif domain containing 15 Neighboring gene HNF1 motif-containing MPRA enhancer 277

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC2029

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables glutathione peroxidase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables glutathione transferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables glutathione transferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular detoxification IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in glutathione metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in glutathione metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in tyrosine catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrial matrix TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    maleylacetoacetate isomerase
    Names
    S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase
    glutathione S-alkyltransferase
    glutathione S-aralkyltransferase
    glutathione S-aryltransferase
    glutathione transferase zeta 1
    maleylacetone isomerase
    NP_001299589.1
    NP_001350632.1
    NP_665877.1
    NP_665878.2
    XP_011534973.1
    XP_024305319.1
    XP_024305320.1
    XP_054231880.1
    XP_054231881.1
    XP_054231882.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001312660.2NP_001299589.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3, which lacks a portion of the N-terminus (aa 1-55), and is shorter than isoform 1. This isoform lacks the glutathione-binding site, and hence, is unlikely to retain enzyme activity.
      Source sequence(s)
      AJ001838, AK315154, BC001453
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9860.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O43708
      Related
      ENSP00000354959.4, ENST00000361389.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25459
      Location:1156
      GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
    2. NM_001363703.2NP_001350632.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007954
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS86416.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NED0, A6NNB8, A8MWD7, B2RCK3, O15308, O43708, O75430, Q6IB17, Q7Z610, Q9BV63
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RDN1, G3V4T6
      Related
      ENSP00000451976.1, ENST00000553586.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR01262
      Location:8212
      maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase
    3. NM_145870.3NP_665877.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_665877.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AJ001838, BC001453
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9858.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NED0, A6NNB8, A8MWD7, B2RCK3, O15308, O43708, O75430, Q6IB17, Q7Z610, Q9BV63
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0C4DFM0, B2RDN1
      Related
      ENSP00000216465.5, ENST00000216465.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR01262
      Location:7211
      maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase
    4. NM_145871.3NP_665878.2  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_665878.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AJ001838, BC001453
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9859.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0A0MR33, G3V5T0
      Related
      ENSP00000314404.5, ENST00000349555.7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd03191
      Location:73165
      GST_C_Zeta; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases
      cd03042
      Location:672
      GST_N_Zeta; GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...
      TIGR01262
      Location:7169
      maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      77321036..77331597
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_024449551.2XP_024305319.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

      Related
      ENSP00000377335.1, ENST00000393734.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25459
      Location:1156
      GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
    2. XM_024449552.2XP_024305320.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl25459
      Location:1156
      GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
    3. XM_011536671.3XP_011534973.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RDN1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd03191
      Location:74166
      GST_C_Zeta; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases
      cd03042
      Location:773
      GST_N_Zeta; GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...
      TIGR01262
      Location:8170
      maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      71530399..71540959
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054375906.1XP_054231881.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

    2. XM_054375907.1XP_054231882.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

    3. XM_054375905.1XP_054231880.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RDN1

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_001513.3: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_001513.3: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is no support for the transcript.