Dark Death-associated APAF1-related killer [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Darkprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Death-associated APAF1-related killerprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0263864
Locus tag: Dmel_CG6829
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0263864
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: anon-53Fa; Apaf; apaf-1; Apaf-1; APAF-1; apaf1; Apaf1; APAF1; arc; ark; Ark; ARK; CG6829; D-Apaf-1; dapaf; dapaf-1; dApaf-1; dAPAF-1; Dapaf-1; dApaf-1/DARK/HAC-1; Dapaf-1/HAC-1; dapaf-1L; dapaf-1S; dApaf1; dark; dArk; DARK; Dark/Apaf-I; dark/dapaf-1/hac-1; Dark/Dapaf-1/HAC1; dark/hac-1/dapaf-1; Dark/Hac-1/dApaf-1; Dark/Hac-1/dApaf1; Dmel\CG6829; dpf; hac-1; Hac-1; Hac-1/Dark; hac1; Hac1; l(2)SH0173; T1
Summary: Enables ADP binding activity; ATP binding activity; and cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process. Involved in several processes, including autophagic cell death; nervous system development; and positive regulation of programmed cell death. Part of apoptosome. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelial furrow; head mesoderm; imaginal disc; and neurogenic region. Orthologous to human APAF1 (apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 53E4-53E4; 2-81 cM

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (17020027..17026703)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (12907532..12914208)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Dark and Dronc activation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Title: Dark and Dronc activation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Study presents a structure of the Dark apoptosome at 4.4 A degrees resolution. A nearly complete atomic model clarifies dATP selectivity during nucleotide exchange, suggests a role for the b-propellers in assembly, and provides a framework to understand apical procaspase activation.
Title: A Near-Atomic Structure of the Dark Apoptosome Provides Insight into Assembly and Activation.
Daxx-like protein of Drosophila interacts with Dmp53 and affects longevity and Ark mRNA level
Title: Daxx-like protein of Drosophila interacts with Dmp53 and affects longevity and Ark mRNA level.
identified helical domain I in the nucleotide oligomerization domain as critical for ARK's apoptotic activity.
Title: ARK, the Apaf-1 related killer in Drosophila, requires diverse domains for its apoptotic activity.
ARK is essential for apoptosis during D. melanogaster development, and for radiation-induced apoptosis. Ark mutant embryos have extra cells, and tissues such as brain lobes and wing discs are enlarged.
Title: The Drosophila melanogaster Apaf-1 homologue ARK is required for most, but not all, programmed cell death.
polyglutamine-induced cell death was dramatically suppressed in flies lacking Dark, the fly homolog of human Apaf-1, a key regulator of apoptosis
Title: Inactivation of Drosophila Apaf-1 related killer suppresses formation of polyglutamine aggregates and blocks polyglutamine pathogenesis.
structural analysis of Apaf-1 in the auto-inhibited form demonstrates the critical role of ADP [review]
Title: Structure of Apaf-1 in the auto-inhibited form: a critical role for ADP.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

mobile_element

Loc: 17021017-17021296 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}4557

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ADP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ADP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables CARD domain binding	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables structural molecule activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in S-adenosylmethionine cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagic cell death	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in central nervous system formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chaeta development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in melanization defense response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of humoral immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron cellular homeostasis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in programmed cell death	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to gamma radiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to starvation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in salivary gland histolysis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sarcosine catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sperm individualization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of apoptosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Death-associated APAF1-related killer

Names: Apaf-1 related; Apaf-1 related killer; Apaf-1-related killer; Apaf-1-related-killer; CG6829-PA; CG6829-PB; Dark-PA; Dark-PB; apaf1-related killer; dark; drosophila Apaf-1-related killer; lethal (2) SH0173; transcription unit 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

17020027..17026703

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_166208.3 → NP_725638.1 Death-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725638.1

Status: REVIEWED

Related

FBpp0086121

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00931
Location:133 → 390

NB-ARC; NB-ARC domain
NM_166207.3 → NP_725637.1 Death-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725637.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q7KLI1, Q9U8R4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B5RJS4

Related

FBpp0086122

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00931
Location:133 → 390

NB-ARC; NB-ARC domain