RR2 response regulator 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: RR2
Official Full Name: response regulator 2
Primary source: TAIR:AT4G16110
Locus tag: AT4G16110
See related: Araport:AT4G16110
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ARR2; DL4095W; FCAALL.287; response regulator 2
Summary: Encodes a pollen-specific transcription factor involved in the expression of nuclear genes for components of mitochondrial complex I in Arabidopsis. Acts in concert with other type-B ARRs in the cytokinin signaling pathway. AHK3 mediates cytokinin-induced phosphorylation of ARR2 on the Asp-80 residue. This phosphorylation plays a positive role of ARR2 in cytokinin-mediated control of leaf longevity. Also involved in cytokinin-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation.
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Genomic context

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See RR2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 6

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (9112686..9116164)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Exploring the Binding Affinity of the ARR2 GARP DNA Binding Domain via Comparative Methods.
Title: Exploring the Binding Affinity of the ARR2 GARP DNA Binding Domain via Comparative Methods.
Cytokinins promote actin bundling and the resultant second rapid cell elongation through activating the signaling pathway involving the cytokinin receptors ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3) and AHK4 and the B-type transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR2.
Title: Actin Reorganization Triggers Rapid Cell Elongation in Roots.
ARR2 directly activates the expression of PRX33 and PRX34, which are required for SA- and PAMP-triggered ROS production. Thus, the CK signaling pathway regulates ROS homeostasis in guard cells, which leads to enhanced stomatal immunity and plant resistance to bacteria.
Title: Cytokinin-Mediated Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis Modulates Stomatal Immunity in Arabidopsis.
Data suggest that shoot removal induces the quantitative and qualitative development of chloroplasts in roots, with cytokinin signaling via RESPONSE REGULATOR (ARR)-ARR1 and ARR12 functioning downstream of wounding signaling to up-regulate genes associated with chloroplast development.
Title: Shoot Removal Induces Chloroplast Development in Roots via Cytokinin Signaling.
Data indicate that one of the immediate early cytokinin response genes is ARR6, which has been shown to be a direct target gene of ARR1, ARR2 and other type-B ARRs.
Title: In planta analysis of a cis-regulatory cytokinin response motif in Arabidopsis and identification of a novel enhancer sequence.
Cytokinin-facilitated degradation of ARR2 must be appreciated as a post-translational event important for regulating cytokinin signaling intensity.
Title: Attenuation of cytokinin signaling via proteolysis of a type-B response regulator.
Cytokinin facilitates the degradation of ARR2 protein.
Title: Cytokinin-facilitated proteolysis of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 attenuates signaling output in two-component circuitry.
Results show that cytokinins modulate salicylic acid signaling to augment resistance against Pst, a process in which the interaction between NPR1/TGA3 and ARR2 is important.
Title: The cytokinin-activated transcription factor ARR2 promotes plant immunity via TGA3/NPR1-dependent salicylic acid signaling in Arabidopsis.
Transgenic overexpression of wild-type, but not an unphosphorylatable mutant ARR2, led to delayed senescence of leaves.
Title: Cytokinin-mediated control of leaf longevity by AHK3 through phosphorylation of ARR2 in Arabidopsis.
identification of the Arabidopsis response regulator 2 (ARR2) as a signalling component functioning downstream of ETR1 in ethylene signal transduction [ARR2]
Title: The response regulator 2 mediates ethylene signalling and hormone signal integration in Arabidopsis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_117704.6

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables phosphorelay response regulator activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to cytokinin stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cytokinin-activated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within ethylene-activated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within leaf senescence	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leaf senescence	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of root meristem growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of seed growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of stomatal movement	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cytokinin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cytokinin	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in response to ethylene	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to ethylene	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within root development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: response regulator 2

NP_193346.5

response regulator 2 (RR2); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Response regulator, plant B-type (InterPro:IPR017053), Myb-like DNA-binding domain, SHAQKYF class (InterPro:IPR006447), CheY-like (InterPro:IPR011006), Homeodomain-like (InterPro:IPR009057), Myb, DNA-binding (InterPro:IPR014778), Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain (InterPro:IPR001789), HTH transcriptional regulator, Myb-type, DNA-binding (InterPro:IPR017930), Homeodomain-related (InterPro:IPR012287); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: response regulator 1 (TAIR:AT3G16857.2); Has 95443 Blast hits to 94483 proteins in 2985 species: Archae - 623; Bacteria - 84652; Metazoa - 47; Fungi - 382; Plants - 2721; Viruses - 2; Other Eukaryotes - 7016 (source: NCBI BLink).