Prl prolactin [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Prlprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: prolactinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3403
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000017374 AllianceGenome:RGD:3403
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Gha1; PRLB; Prol; PRLSD1; Prl1a1; RNPROL; RATPRLSD1
Summary: Predicted to enable hormone activity and prolactin receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to ethanol; response to estradiol; and response to trichostatin A. Located in extracellular space and secretory granule. Used to study portal hypertension and prolactinoma. Biomarker of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; hyperprolactinemia; prolactinoma; and renovascular hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in carotid artery disease and impulse control disorder. Orthologous to human PRL (prolactin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 6.5) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17p12

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	17	NC_086035.1 (38287355..38298234, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	17	NC_051352.1 (37859999..37870062, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	17	NC_005116.4 (39814236..39824299, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_086035.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Neuroprotection mediated by prolactin against streptozotocin injury in brain rat areas.
Title: Neuroprotection mediated by prolactin against streptozotocin injury in brain rat areas.
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate the PRL expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential prolactin (PRL) regulator.
Title: Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate the PRL expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential prolactin (PRL) regulator.
Mast Cell Dynamics in the Ovary Are Governed by GnRH and Prolactin.
Title: Mast Cell Dynamics in the Ovary Are Governed by GnRH and Prolactin.
Prolactin Regulates Testicular Gene Expression and Cell Cycle Processes Predominantly via JAK2/STAT5 Pathway in the Male Rat.
Title: Prolactin Regulates Testicular Gene Expression and Cell Cycle Processes Predominantly via JAK2/STAT5 Pathway in the Male Rat.
Prolactin in headache and migraine: A systematic review of preclinical studies.
Title: Prolactin in headache and migraine: A systematic review of preclinical studies.
CGRP-Mediated Prolactin Upregulation: a Possible Pathomechanism in IgG4-Related Disease.
Title: CGRP-Mediated Prolactin Upregulation: a Possible Pathomechanism in IgG4-Related Disease.
The Choroid Plexus Is an Alternative Source of Prolactin to the Rat Brain.
Title: The Choroid Plexus Is an Alternative Source of Prolactin to the Rat Brain.
Calcium dynamics and chromatin remodelling underlie heterogeneity in prolactin transcription.
Title: Calcium dynamics and chromatin remodelling underlie heterogeneity in prolactin transcription.
Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System.
Title: Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System.
Prolactin may serve as a regulator to promote vocal fold wound healing.
Title: Prolactin may serve as a regulator to promote vocal fold wound healing.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (135)

General gene information

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Markers

D17Arb14 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:226816

D17Wox11 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:118066

RH87726 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119222

D17Wox18 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:517830

D17Arb10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:226813

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hormone activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables prolactin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables prolactin receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in female pregnancy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in lactation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lactation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in mammary gland development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within mammary gland development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within maternal behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in multicellular organismal response to stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ovulation cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in parturition	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of lactation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in prolactin signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of ossification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to alcohol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cocaine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to trichostatin A	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: prolactin

Names: growth hormone a1; prolactin family 1, subfamily a, member 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001433431.1 → NP_001420360.1 prolactin isoform 2 precursor

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000017

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2UJY0, B2RYT1
NM_012629.2 → NP_036761.1 prolactin isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036761.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000017

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01237, P70520

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0M6L0J3, A0A8L2UJY0, A6KLC9, B5DEM6

Related

ENSRNOP00000023412.4, ENSRNOT00000023412.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd10288
Location:30 → 226

prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086035.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

38287355..38298234 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006253912.3 → XP_006253974.1 prolactin isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd10288
Location:29 → 225

prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones