ACD2 accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2) [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: ACD2
Official Full Name: accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2)
Primary source: TAIR:AT4G37000
Locus tag: AT4G37000
See related: Araport:AT4G37000
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2; AP22.36; AP22_36; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE; ATRCCR; RCCR; RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE
Summary: Mutants have spontaneous spreading cell death lesions and constitutive activation of defenses in the absence of pathogen infection. Its product was shown to display red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR), which catalyzes one step in the breakdown of the porphyrin component of chlorophyll. The enzyme was further assessed to be a Type-1 (pFCC-1-producing) RCCR.Upon P. syringae infection, ACD2 localization shifts from being largely in chloroplasts to partitioning to chloroplasts, mitochondria, and to a small extent, cytosol. Overexpression of ACD2 delayed cell death and the replication of P. syringae.
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Genomic context

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See ACD2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 2

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (17442612..17444295)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

ACD2 localizes dynamically during infection to protect cells from pro-death mobile substrate molecules, some of which may originate in chloroplasts, but have major effects on mitochondria.
Title: Accelerated cell death 2 suppresses mitochondrial oxidative bursts and modulates cell death in Arabidopsis.
Two conserved acidic residues, Glu154 and Asp291, of chlorophyll catabolite reductase sandwich the C20/C1 double bond of red chlorophyll catabolite, suggesting that these two residues are involved in site-specific reduction.
Title: Crystal structures of the substrate-bound forms of red chlorophyll catabolite reductase: implications for site-specific and stereospecific reaction.
crystal structure of RCCR at 2.4 A resolution shows RCCR forms a homodimer, in which each subunit folds in an alpha/beta/alpha sandwich.
Title: Crystal structure of red chlorophyll catabolite reductase: enlargement of the ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductase family.
The Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH2 (ACD2) modulates the amount of programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by Pseudomonas syringae and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) treatment.
Title: Arabidopsis ACCELERATED CELL DEATH2 modulates programmed cell death.
Used to elicit the role of mitochondria in programmed cell death as evaluated by flow cytometry.
Title: The mitochondrion--an organelle commonly involved in programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The roles of ACD2 and PAO1 enzymes in chlorophyll breakdown during leaf sensescence in A. thaliana are reported.
Title: Chlorophyll breakdown in senescent Arabidopsis leaves. Characterization of chlorophyll catabolites and of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes involved in the degreening reaction.
RCCR (At4g37000), together with pheophorbide a oxygenase, is required for the detoxification of chlorophyll catabolites.
Title: In vivo participation of red chlorophyll catabolite reductase in chlorophyll breakdown.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_119863.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chlorophyll catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within chlorophyll catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within chlorophyll catabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to other organism	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of programmed cell death	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chloroplast	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in chloroplast	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chloroplast	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in chloroplast envelope	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in chloroplast stroma	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT located_in cytosol	RCA inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2)

NP_195417.1

ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2 (ACD2); FUNCTIONS IN: red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity; INVOLVED IN: chlorophyll catabolic process, defense response, incompatible interaction, regulation of programmed cell death, regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response; LOCATED IN: in 6 components; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (InterPro:IPR009439); Has 181 Blast hits to 181 proteins in 30 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 8; Metazoa - 0; Fungi - 0; Plants - 170; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 3 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003075.7 Reference assembly

Range

17442612..17444295

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_119863.4 → NP_195417.1 accelerated cell death 2 (ACD2) [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_195417.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O23185, Q8LDU4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178UVU9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN02581
Location:51 → 318

PLN02581; red chlorophyll catabolite reductase