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    IL32 interleukin 32 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 9235, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IL32provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 32provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:16830
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000008517 MIM:606001; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16830
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    NK4; TAIF; TAIFa; TAIFb; TAIFc; TAIFd; IL-32beta; IL-32alpha; IL-32delta; IL-32gamma
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the cytokine family. The protein contains a tyrosine sulfation site, 3 potential N-myristoylation sites, multiple putative phosphorylation sites, and an RGD cell-attachment sequence. Expression of this protein is increased after the activation of T-cells by mitogens or the activation of NK cells by IL-2. This protein induces the production of TNFalpha from macrophage cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in small intestine (RPKM 122.1), spleen (RPKM 121.0) and 22 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See IL32 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    16p13.3
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (3065403..3069530)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (3092005..3096006)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (3115404..3119531)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100128770 Neighboring gene BICD family like cargo adaptor 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10293 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3087655-3088542 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10294 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7106 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7107 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3097443-3098022 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3099514-3100106 Neighboring gene matrix metallopeptidase 25 Neighboring gene sialidase-like Neighboring gene MMP25 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7108 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7109 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7110 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7111 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3109609-3110514 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10295 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3117783-3118302 Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 125, pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984896 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:3124519-3124702 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10296 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10297 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10298 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7112 Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 22, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. [Interleukin-32 expression in serum of patients with HBV-related liver failure and its significance]. Zhuang GL, et al. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi, 2013 Aug. PMID 24579465
    2. Interleukin-32β ameliorates metabolic disorder and liver damage in mice fed high-fat diet. Lee DH, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2015 Mar. PMID 25645248
    3. Neuroinflammatory and Amyloidogenic Activities of IL-32β in Alzheimer's Disease. Yun HM, et al. Mol Neurobiol, 2015 Aug. PMID 25159479
    4. IL-32 is a molecular marker of a host defense network in human tuberculosis. Montoya D, et al. Sci Transl Med, 2014 Aug 20. PMID 25143364, Free PMC Article
    5. Preliminary characterization of IL32 in basal-like/triple negative compared to other types of breast cell lines and tissues. Player A, et al. BMC Res Notes, 2014 Aug 7. PMID 25100201, Free PMC Article

    See all (236) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. IL-32 aggravates metabolic disturbance in human nucleus pulposus cells by activating FAT4-mediated Hippo/YAP signaling.
      Title: IL-32 aggravates metabolic disturbance in human nucleus pulposus cells by activating FAT4-mediated Hippo/YAP signaling.
    2. IL-32 regulates trophoblast invasion through miR-205-NFkappaB-MMP2/9 axis contributing to the pregnancy-induced hypertensiondagger.
      Title: IL-32 regulates trophoblast invasion through miR-205-NFκB-MMP2/9 axis contributing to the pregnancy-induced hypertension†.
    3. mTOR activation induces endolysosomal remodeling and nonclassical secretion of IL-32 via exosomes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes.
      Title: mTOR activation induces endolysosomal remodeling and nonclassical secretion of IL-32 via exosomes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes.
    4. IL-32 Drives the Differentiation of Cardiotropic CD4+ T Cells Carrying HIV DNA in People With HIV.
      Title: IL-32 Drives the Differentiation of Cardiotropic CD4+ T Cells Carrying HIV DNA in People With HIV.
    5. IL-32 production from lung adenocarcinoma cells is potentially involved in immunosuppressive microenvironment.
      Title: IL-32 production from lung adenocarcinoma cells is potentially involved in immunosuppressive microenvironment.
    6. Modulatory effects of point-mutated IL-32theta; (A94V) on tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
      Title: Modulatory effects of point-mutated IL-32θ (A94V) on tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
    7. IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids.
      Title: IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids.
    8. Saturated Fat-Mediated Upregulation of IL-32 and CCL20 in Hepatocytes Contributes to Higher Expression of These Fibrosis-Driving Molecules in MASLD.
      Title: Saturated Fat-Mediated Upregulation of IL-32 and CCL20 in Hepatocytes Contributes to Higher Expression of These Fibrosis-Driving Molecules in MASLD.
    9. Hepatic interleukin 32 attenuates liver injury through repression of necroptosis in cholestasis.
      Title: Hepatic interleukin 32 attenuates liver injury through repression of necroptosis in cholestasis.
    10. Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
      Title: Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (223)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genomewide association study for determinants of HIV-1 acquisition and viral set point in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples with quantified virus exposure.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Nef nef IL-32-treated M2-macrophages inhibit the strong activation of p38, IKK alpha/beta, and TAK1 by HIV-1 Nef PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell adhesion TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of viral life cycle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of type III interferon production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane HDA PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    interleukin-32
    Names
    interleukin-32 eta
    interleukin-32 small
    interleukin-32 theta
    natural killer cell transcript 4
    natural killer cells protein 4
    tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing factor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029254.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5329..9219
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001012631.4 → NP_001012649.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012649.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform (B), also referred to as IL-32beta.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000432850.2, ENST00000528163.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    2. NM_001012632.3 → NP_001012650.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012650.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 3 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000411958.3, ENST00000444393.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    3. NM_001012633.4 → NP_001012651.1  interleukin-32 isoform A

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012651.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR and contains an alternate intron within the last exon of the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (A), also referred to as IL-32alpha, is shorter compared to isoform B.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32378.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P24001
      Related
      ENSP00000380096.3, ENST00000396887.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 107
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    4. NM_001012634.4 → NP_001012652.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012652.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR and an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform C).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45394.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P24001
      Related
      ENSP00000008180.9, ENST00000008180.13
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:49 → 144
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    5. NM_001012635.4 → NP_001012653.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012653.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform C).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45394.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P24001
      Related
      ENSP00000433747.1, ENST00000530890.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:49 → 144
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    6. NM_001012636.2 → NP_001012654.1  interleukin-32 isoform D

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks two alternate exons in the 5' UTR and an alternate in-frame exon within the coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform D). Please note that isoform D is not the same as isoform delta, which is represented by AY495333.1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32379.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P24001
      Related
      ENSP00000371648.3, ENST00000382213.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:60 → 155
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    7. NM_001012718.4 → NP_001012736.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001012736.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) contains an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 8 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000405063.3, ENST00000440815.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    8. NM_001308078.4 → NP_001295007.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295007.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9) has a shorter 5' UTR and contains an additional segment in the central coding region compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (E) is longer than isoform B.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS76811.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VSD2, F8VVN4
      Related
      ENSP00000380099.2, ENST00000396890.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:115 → 210
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    9. NM_001369587.3 → NP_001356516.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS76811.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VSD2, F8VVN4
      Related
      ENSP00000448354.1, ENST00000548807.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:115 → 210
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    10. NM_001369588.3 → NP_001356517.1  interleukin-32 isoform E precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS76811.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A6NNM0, A8MPX0, B4DJM1, B8Q191, D3DUB0, D3DUB2, P24001, Q5VFH7, Q5VFH8, Q8WV38, Q96GK9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VSD2, F8VVN4
      Related
      ENSP00000431775.1, ENST00000534507.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:115 → 210
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    11. NM_001369589.3 → NP_001356518.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000437020.1, ENST00000529550.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    12. NM_001369590.3 → NP_001356519.1  interleukin-32 isoform H

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS92092.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C6GKH1
      Related
      ENSP00000436937.1, ENST00000529699.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:57 → 144
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    13. NM_001369591.3 → NP_001356520.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45394.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:49 → 144
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    14. NM_001369592.3 → NP_001356521.1  interleukin-32 isoform C

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45394.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:49 → 144
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    15. NM_001369593.3 → NP_001356522.1  interleukin-32 isoform F

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS92093.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000433177.1, ENST00000531965.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:59 → 154
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    16. NM_001369595.3 → NP_001356524.1  interleukin-32 isoform G

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3LU47
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:49 → 87
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    17. NM_001369596.3 → NP_001356525.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000450364.1, ENST00000526464.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    18. NM_001376923.1 → NP_001363852.1  interleukin-32 isoform B

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000432218.3, ENST00000525643.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    19. NM_004221.7 → NP_004212.4  interleukin-32 isoform B

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004212.4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein, isoform B, also referred to as IL-32beta.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC108134
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32377.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8W1V1
      Related
      ENSP00000324742.5, ENST00000325568.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam15225
      Location:69 → 164
      IL32; Interleukin 32

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      3065403..3069530
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      3092005..3096006
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P24001.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P24001

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools