PPY pancreatic polypeptide [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PPYprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: pancreatic polypeptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9327
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000108849 MIM:167780; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9327
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PH; PP; PNP
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides. The encoded 95 aa preproprotein is synthesized in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and proteolytically processed to generate two peptide products. These products include the active pancreatic hormone of 36 aa and an icosapeptide of unknown function. This hormone acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions and may be important in the regulation of food intake. Plasma level of this hormone has been shown to be reduced in conditions associated with increased food intake and elevated in anorexia nervosa. In addition, infusion of this hormone in obese rodents has shown to decrease weight gain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression: Biased expression in pancreas (RPKM 7.7), colon (RPKM 0.9) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17q21.31

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (43940804..43944215, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (44793351..44796763, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (42018172..42019844, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pancreatic Ppy-expressing gamma-cells display mixed phenotypic traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin production.
Title: Pancreatic Ppy-expressing γ-cells display mixed phenotypic traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin production.
Urinary Dopamine Excretion Rate Decreases during Acute Dietary Protein Deprivation and Is Associated with Increased Plasma Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentration.
Title: Urinary Dopamine Excretion Rate Decreases during Acute Dietary Protein Deprivation and Is Associated with Increased Plasma Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentration.
Fasting human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) levels are similar in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and controls regardless of glycemic status.
Title: Comparison of Fasting Human Pancreatic Polypeptide Levels Among Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Chronic Pancreatitis, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Because of its properties, the PP appears to be a useful marker of the endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas and a specific prognostic parameter of developing diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis
Title: Distribution of Pancreatic Polypeptide-secreting Endocrine Cells in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Cases.
Peptide YY and PP are associated with circulating innate pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients after acute pancreatitis and cumulatively contribute to nearly half of the variance of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNFalpha. Future research is warranted to investigate the signaling pathways that underlie these associations.
Title: Cross-talk between innate cytokines and the pancreatic polypeptide family in acute pancreatitis.
GIP and pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations are lower in pancreatic cancer irrespective of the degree of glucose intolerance as compared to Type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls.
Title: Lower plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and their relation to the presence of impaired glucoregulation and weight loss.
Immunohistochemical distribution of this peptide in the epidermal skin (from abdomen, breast and face) of healthy women was analysed.
Title: Immunohistochemical distribution of neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity and their receptors in the epidermal skin of healthy women.
The most important parameter in diagnosis of HG [Hyperemesis gravidarum ]was plasma PP level
Title: Gut satiety hormones and hyperemesis gravidarum.
These data demonstrate glucose-regulated secretion of PP and its effects on glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed by alpha-cells.
Title: Pancreatic polypeptide regulates glucagon release through PPYR1 receptors expressed in mouse and human alpha-cells.
Pancreatic polypeptide is recognized by two hydrophobic domains of the human Y4 receptor binding pocket.
Title: Pancreatic polypeptide is recognized by two hydrophobic domains of the human Y4 receptor binding pocket.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (27)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:180950 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155140

RH80047 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:84866

GDB:178570 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155022

RH71368 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:37593

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables neuropeptide Y receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in feeding behavior	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in protein secretion	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: pancreatic polypeptide prohormone

Names: pancreatic polypeptide Y; pancreatic prohormone; prepro-PP (prepropancreatic polypeptide)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001319209.2 → NP_001306138.1 pancreatic polypeptide prohormone isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate 5' terminal exon, resulting in a different 5' UTR and 5' coding region, and the use of an alternate translation start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a longer N-terminus than isoform 1. This isoform (2) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BP384893, BP388331

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

K7EKP2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00309
Location:36 → 71

PAH; Pancreatic hormones / neuropeptide F / peptide YY family
NM_002722.5 → NP_002713.1 pancreatic polypeptide prohormone isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002713.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC007993, BP388331, BP394217

Consensus CDS

CCDS11472.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01298

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

K7EKP2

Related

ENSP00000225992.3, ENST00000225992.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00309
Location:30 → 65

PAH; Pancreatic hormones / neuropeptide F / peptide YY family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

43940804..43944215 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011524978.4 → XP_011523280.1 pancreatic polypeptide prohormone isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

K7EKP2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00309
Location:39 → 74

PAH; Pancreatic hormones / neuropeptide F / peptide YY family