PLA2G2D phospholipase A2 group IID [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PLA2G2Dprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: phospholipase A2 group IIDprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9033
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000117215 MIM:605630; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9033
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: SPLASH; sPLA2S; PLA2IID; sPLA2-IID
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted member of the phospholipase A2 family, and is found in a cluster of related family members on chromosome 1. Phospholipase A2 family members hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid ester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acid. This gene may be involved in inflammation and immune response, and in weight loss associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
Expression: Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 63.3), appendix (RPKM 10.7) and 2 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1p36.12

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	1	NC_000001.11 (20111939..20119536, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	1	NC_060925.1 (19935588..19943185, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	1	NC_000001.10 (20438432..20446029, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

found to induce PLA2G2D expression in mice and in human monocyte-derived macrophages
Title: Critical role of phospholipase A2 group IID in age-related susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV infection.
sPLA(2)-IID is present at the head and midpiece in the human sperm, and its activation seems to be involved in acrosomal exocytosis.
Title: Secretory phospholipase A2 group IID Is involved in progesterone-induced acrosomal exocytosis of human spermatozoa.
phospholipid bilayer permeabilization by the hsPLA2GIID is independent of catalytic activity.
Title: The bactericidal effect of human secreted group IID phospholipase A2 results from both hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic activities.
Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and patients response to dendritic cell-based HIV immuno-treatment.
The Gly80Ser polymorphism may be associated with the body weight loss seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. PLA2G2D-Ser enhances the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with PLA2G2D-Gly.
Title: Gly80Ser polymorphism of phospholipase A2-IID is associated with cytokine inducibility in A549 cells.
The distribution pattern of sPLA2S in intact spermatozoa might be an additional parameter for evaluating sperm quality
Title: Destabilization of acrosome and elastase influence mediate the release of secretory phospholipase A2 from human spermatozoa.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
overexpression of human secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA leads to an enhanced delivery of cholesterol from phospholipolysed lipoproteins to the liver
Title: Increased hepatic cholesterol accumulation in transgenic mice overexpressing human secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA.
The GIID sPLA2 is clustered on human chromosome 1 and is differentially expressed in tissues, suggesting it has unique function.
Title: Regulation of arachidonic acid availability for eicosanoid production.
lipopolysaccharides inhibit interferon gamma-induced gene expression of secretory phospholipase A2 type IID in human monocyte-derived macrophages
Title: Interferon gamma-induced gene expression of the novel secretory phospholipase A2 type IID in human monocyte-derived macrophages is inhibited by lipopolysaccharide.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 causes an activation of phospholipase A2, resulting in the increased release of arachidonic acid, which may sensitize the NMDA receptor	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation in lymphocytes through binding to CD4, but this effect is not sufficient to accomplish virus/cell fusion	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables calcium ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phospholipase A2 activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables phospholipid binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in arachidonate secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inflammatory response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in lipid catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of T cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: group IID secretory phospholipase A2

Names: GIID sPLA2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2D; secretory phospholipase A2s; secretory-type PLA, stroma-associated homolog

NP_001258743.1

EC 3.1.1.4

NP_036532.1

EC 3.1.1.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001271814.2 → NP_001258743.1 group IID secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal exon in the coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK026347, AK310156, AL158172, BC025706

Consensus CDS

CCDS72721.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9UNK4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WZT4

Related

ENSP00000482871.1, ENST00000617227.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl05417
Location:21 → 62

PLA2_like; PLA2_like: Phospholipase A2, a super-family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...
NM_012400.4 → NP_036532.1 group IID secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036532.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AK026347, AL158172, BC025706, DC295429

Consensus CDS

CCDS203.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A0A087WZT4, A8K2Z1, B1AEL9, Q9UK01, Q9UNK4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R4P7

Related

ENSP00000364246.3, ENST00000375105.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00125
Location:21 → 138

PLA2c; PLA2c: Phospholipase A2, a family of secretory and cytosolic enzymes; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids (PC or phosphatidylethanolamine), usually in a ...