TDO2 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TDO2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:11708
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000151790 MIM:191070; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11708
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TO; TDO; TPH2; TRPO; HYPTRP
Summary: This gene encodes a heme enzyme that plays a critical role in tryptophan metabolism by catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway. Increased activity of the encoded protein and subsequent kynurenine production may also play a role in cancer through the suppression of antitumor immune responses, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with autism. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
Expression: Biased expression in liver (RPKM 202.8) and appendix (RPKM 14.2) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q32.1

Exon count:: 12

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (155903696..155920406)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (159236403..159253174)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (156824848..156841558)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Essential Roles of TDO2 in Gastric Cancer: TDO2 Is Associated with Cancer Progression, Patient Survival, PD-L1 Expression, and Cancer Stem Cells.
Title: Essential Roles of TDO2 in Gastric Cancer: TDO2 Is Associated with Cancer Progression, Patient Survival, PD-L1 Expression, and Cancer Stem Cells.
Tryptophan degradation enzymes and Angiotensin (1-7) expression in human placenta.
Title: Tryptophan degradation enzymes and Angiotensin (1-7) expression in human placenta.
High levels of TDO2 in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines in synovium and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.
Title: High levels of TDO2 in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines in synovium and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 plays a key role in regulating the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in autoimmune arthritis.
Title: Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 plays a key role in regulating the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in autoimmune arthritis.
TDO2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis, cancer stemness, and resistance to cetuximab in bladder cancer.
Title: TDO2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis, cancer stemness, and resistance to cetuximab in bladder cancer.
MiR-126-5p Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation, Metastasis and Invasion by Targeting TDO2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Title: MiR-126-5p Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation, Metastasis and Invasion by Targeting TDO2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Immuno-Metabolic Modulation of Liver Oncogenesis by the Tryptophan Metabolism.
Title: Immuno-Metabolic Modulation of Liver Oncogenesis by the Tryptophan Metabolism.
Stemness and immune evasion conferred by the TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer.
Title: Stemness and immune evasion conferred by the TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer.
IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor RY103 targets Kyn-AhR pathway and exhibits preclinical efficacy on pancreatic cancer.
Title: IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor RY103 targets Kyn-AhR pathway and exhibits preclinical efficacy on pancreatic cancer.
Tryptophan 2, 3dioxygenase promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
Title: Tryptophan 2, 3‑dioxygenase promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (37)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Familial hypertryptophanemia MedGen: C2931837 OMIM: 600627 GeneReviews: Not available	not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
First genome-wide association scan on neurophysiological endophenotypes points to trans-regulation effects on SLC2A3 in dyslexic children. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

A006M46 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:1455

SHGC-50178 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:16583

D4S3293 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:759

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables amino acid binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heme binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables heme binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables oxygen binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in protein homotetramerization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nitroglycerin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in tryptophan metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

Names: tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; tryptophan oxygenase; tryptophan pyrrolase; tryptophanase

NP_005642.1

EC 1.13.11.11

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.