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    PER2 period circadian regulator 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8864, updated on 27-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PER2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    period circadian regulator 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8846
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000132326 MIM:603426; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8846
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    FASPS; FASPS1
    Summary
    This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers and have been linked to sleep disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 8.7), gall bladder (RPKM 7.6) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See PER2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2q37.3
    Exon count:
    27
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (238244044..238300065, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (238733782..238779869, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (239152685..239197251, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239142883-239143384 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239147110-239147678 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12492 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239149579-239150084 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239150085-239150590 Neighboring gene TARDBP pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239154789-239155988 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239156797-239157297 Neighboring gene hes family bHLH transcription factor 6 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239172424-239172924 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239179613-239180112 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239187958-239188582 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239190897-239191397 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239192245-239192744 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239196189-239196711 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC112268433 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239196796-239197690 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12494 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17380 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4101 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239223693-239224192 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12495 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12496 Neighboring gene TRAF3 interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17381 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:239276069-239276272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17382 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239317872-239318404 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239318939-239319470 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 234, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Clone Names

    • KIAA0347

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding  
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding  
    enables transcription coactivator activity  
    enables transcription corepressor binding  
    Items 1 - 25 of 30
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in chromatin remodeling  
    involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression  
    involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression  
    involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression PubMed 
    involved_in circadian rhythm PubMed 
    involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod  
    involved_in fatty acid metabolic process  
    involved_in gluconeogenesis  
    involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process  
    involved_in lactate biosynthetic process  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription  
    involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm  
    involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of fat cell proliferation  
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding  
    involved_in neural retina development  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription  
    involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell cycle  
    involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm  
    involved_in regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse  
    involved_in regulation of insulin secretion  
    involved_in regulation of neurogenesis  
    involved_in regulation of vasoconstriction  
    involved_in response to ischemia  
    involved_in white fat cell differentiation  
    Items 1 - 25 of 30
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of Cry-Per complex  
    is_active_in cytoplasm  
    located_in cytosol  
    located_in nucleolus  
    located_in nucleoplasm  
    is_active_in nucleus  
    located_in nucleus PubMed 
    located_in nucleus  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    period circadian protein homolog 2
    Names
    circadian clock protein PERIOD 2
    hPER2
    period 2
    period circadian clock 2
    period circadian protein 2
    period homolog 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012146.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4957..49523
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_022817.3 → NP_073728.1  period circadian protein homolog 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_073728.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AB002345, AC012485, DA226434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2528.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
      Related
      ENSP00000254657.3, ENST00000254657.8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00130
      Location:333 → 434
      PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
      pfam08447
      Location:346 → 430
      PAS_3; PAS fold
      pfam12114
      Location:1046 → 1232
      Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      238244044..238300065 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047446232.1 → XP_047302188.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
    2. XM_047446231.1 → XP_047302187.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
    3. XM_005246111.5 → XP_005246168.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005246168.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00130
      Location:333 → 434
      PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
      pfam08447
      Location:346 → 430
      PAS_3; PAS fold
      pfam12114
      Location:1046 → 1232
      Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
    4. XM_006712824.5 → XP_006712887.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712887.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
      Related
      ENSP00000516758.1, ENST00000707130.1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00130
      Location:333 → 434
      PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
      pfam08447
      Location:346 → 430
      PAS_3; PAS fold
      pfam12114
      Location:1046 → 1232
      Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      238733782..238779869 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054344396.1 → XP_054200371.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14
    2. XM_054344395.1 → XP_054200370.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DH14

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