HLA-DMA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: HLA-DMAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alphaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4934
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000204257 MIM:142855; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4934
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: DMA; HLADM; RING6; D6S222E
Summary: HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta chain (DMB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in lymph node (RPKM 124.3), lung (RPKM 102.4) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6p21.32

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (32948618..32953097, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (32769955..32774437, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (32916395..32920874, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Prognostic gene HLA-DMA associated with cell cycle and immune infiltrates in LUAD.
Title: Prognostic gene HLA-DMA associated with cell cycle and immune infiltrates in LUAD.
Expression of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HLA-DMA and HLA-DRA is synergistically associated with T cell exclusion, immune checkpoint blockade efficacy and recurrence risk in ER-negative breast cancer.
Title: Expression of NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HLA-DMA and HLA-DRA is synergistically associated with T cell exclusion, immune checkpoint blockade efficacy and recurrence risk in ER-negative breast cancer.
Permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches in HCT depend on immunopeptidome divergence and editing by HLA-DM.
Title: Permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches in HCT depend on immunopeptidome divergence and editing by HLA-DM.
The ARL15 and HLA-DMA gene polymorphisms are associated with RA risk in Northwestern Han Chinese population.
Title: [Genetic polymorphisms of ARL15 and HLA-DMA are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Han population from northwest China].
pH-susceptibility of HLA-DO tunes DO/DM ratios to regulate HLA-DM catalytic activity.
Title: pH-susceptibility of HLA-DO tunes DO/DM ratios to regulate HLA-DM catalytic activity.
study therefore reveals that HLA-DM polymorphic residues have a considerable impact on HLA-DM catalytic activity.
Title: HLA-DMA polymorphisms differentially affect MHC class II peptide loading.
The structure of the HLA-DM-HLA-DR complex shows major rearrangements of the HLA-DR peptide-binding groove.
Title: Crystal structure of the HLA-DM-HLA-DR1 complex defines mechanisms for rapid peptide selection.
DMA*01:01 (69.35%) and DMB*01:01 (52.5%) alleles were more frequent in Chinese Hans
Title: Analysis of HLA-DM polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population.
Multiple mechanisms, operating along the biosynthetic pathway of class II molecules, contribute to DM-mediated increases in the abundance of low-CLIP-affinity alleles.
Title: DM influences the abundance of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles with low affinity for class II-associated invariant chain peptides via multiple mechanisms.
Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV envelope protein gp120 can specifically inhibit CD4-dependent class II MHC-restricted T cell response to Ag	PubMed
	env	Amino acid residues 42-49 in the V1 region of CD4 are involved in the interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	Processing of HIV-1 gp160 to gp120 and gp41 is necessary for the association of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins with class II MHC	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	Soluble HIV-1 gp41 enhancement effects on MHC class I and II antigen expression can be inhibited by soluble gp41-binding proteins of 45, 49 and 62 kD from human B cells	PubMed
	env	Soluble HIV-1 gp41 can selectively enhance MHC class I and II expression on human B cells, but does not increase expression of other cell surface antigens such as CD21 and CD54 (ICAM-1)	PubMed
	env	A 43-amino-acid sequence between amino acids 708 and 750 in the HIV-1 gp41(TM) cytoplasmic tail is required for efficient incorporation of HLA class II proteins into virions	PubMed
Nef	nef	Expression of patient-derived HIV-1 nef alleles downregulates MHC-II cell surface expression in activated CD4+ T cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 group N and group O Nef alleles only weakly downregulate CD4, CD28, and class I and II MHC molecules	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef expression inhibits MHC II presentation of viral antigens in infected antigen-presenting cells	PubMed
	nef	Nef-triggered MHCII endocytosis requires Rab5 activity and lyst function, whereas lysosomal trafficking of internalized MHCII molecules requires Rab7 activity	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles efficiently activate human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) and induce MDDC maturation with an associated increase in the surface expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC classes I and II	PubMed
	gag	Two peptides of the CA domain of HIV-1 Gag, VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ, are presented on MHC II molecules of dendritic cells and have similar sensitivity for antigen-specific T cells	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag virus-like particle-induced monocyte activation is shown by upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation (MHC II, CD80, CD86) and cell adhesion (CD54)	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat downregulates expression of MHC class II genes in antigen-presenting cells (APC) by inhibiting the transactivator of MHC class II genes, CIITA	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu interacts with CD74 and modulates MHC II in HIV-1-infected cells	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables MHC class II protein complex binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables MHC class II protein complex binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables peptide antigen binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adaptive immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell activation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of MHC class II protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of MHC class II protein complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in late endosome membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in late endosome membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in lysosomal membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in lysosomal membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in lysosomal membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in membrane	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain

Names: MHC class II antigen DMA; class II histocompatibility antigen, M alpha chain; really interesting new gene 6 protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.