Gdf2 growth differentiation factor 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gdf2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: growth differentiation factor 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:1586196
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000057751 AllianceGenome:RGD:1586196
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Predicted to enable cytokine activity; growth factor activity; and protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway; regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; and transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway. Predicted to act upstream of or within osteoblast differentiation; positive regulation of gene expression; and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Orthologous to human GDF2 (growth differentiation factor 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 144.6) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p16

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	16	NC_086034.1 (9261679..9267678)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	16	NC_051351.1 (9255430..9261429)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	16	NC_005115.4 (10267510..10293545)

Chromosome 16 - NC_086034.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Disrupted BMP-9 Signaling Impairs Pulmonary Vascular Integrity in Hepatopulmonary Syndrome.
Title: Disrupted BMP-9 Signaling Impairs Pulmonary Vascular Integrity in Hepatopulmonary Syndrome.
The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis.
Title: The effect of BMP9 on inflammation in the early stage of pulpitis.
BMP9 expression in the adult rat brain.
Title: BMP9 expression in the adult rat brain.
BMP9 promotes osteogenic differentiation of SMSCs by activating the JNK/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Title: BMP9 promotes osteogenic differentiation of SMSCs by activating the JNK/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
findings indicated that BMP9 is involved in the phosphate-induced calcification in VSMCs and COX-2 partly mediates the BMP9-induced calcification in VSMCs through activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Title: BMP9/COX-2 axial mediates high phosphate-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Growth Differentiation Factor 2 (bone morphogenetic protein 9) was identified to be upregulated at mRNA and protein levels in cerebral ischemiareperfusion animal and cell models.
Title: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 serves a protective role in response to ischemic‑reperfusion in the brain by promoting ERK activation.
BMP9 successfully increased ALP activity and induced mineralized nodule formation in BMSCs. BMP9 in gelatin sponges demonstrated marked effects on microstructural parameters and the biomechanical strength of bone callus
Title: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 stimulates callus formation in osteoporotic rats during fracture healing.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

BE095712 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:243511

BE105815 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:245916

BE102984 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:244417

RH139342 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:221428

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in BMP signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in blood vessel morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to BMP stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasculogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: growth/differentiation factor 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001106096.1 → NP_001099566.1 growth/differentiation factor 2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001099566.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

CH474046

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6KFT6, M0RB87

Related

ENSRNOP00000072495.1, ENSRNOT00000085255.3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00019
Location:327 → 429

TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

pfam00688
Location:75 → 256

TGFb_propeptide; TGF-beta propeptide