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    PENK proenkephalin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5179, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PENKprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    proenkephalinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8831
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000181195 MIM:131330; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8831
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PE; PENK-A
    Summary
    This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the pentapeptide opioids Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, which are stored in synaptic vesicles, then released into the synapse where they bind to mu- and delta-opioid receptors to modulate the perception of pain. Other non-opioid cleavage products may function in distinct biological activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
    Expression
    Biased expression in adrenal (RPKM 200.5), testis (RPKM 60.4) and 1 other tissue See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See PENK in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    8q12.1
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 8 NC_000008.11 (56440957..56446641, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 8 NC_060932.1 (56818203..56823883, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 8 NC_000008.10 (57353516..57359200, complement)

    Chromosome 8 - NC_000008.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375849 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57327640-57328140 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57328141-57328641 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901948 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr8:57357971-57358862 Neighboring gene PENK antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene septin 10 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101929398

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    BioGRID CRISPR Screen Phenotypes (9 hits/1250 screens)

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables neuropeptide hormone activity PubMed 
    enables opioid peptide activity  
    enables opioid peptide activity  
    enables opioid receptor binding  
    enables opioid receptor binding  
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    Items 1 - 25 of 32
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway  
    involved_in aggressive behavior  
    involved_in behavioral fear response  
    involved_in cellular response to cAMP  
    involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress  
    involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus  
    involved_in cellular response to virus  
    involved_in cellular response to vitamin D  
    involved_in chemical synaptic transmission  
    involved_in general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process  
    involved_in glial cell proliferation  
    involved_in locomotory exploration behavior  
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway  
    involved_in osteoblast differentiation  
    involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response  
    involved_in regulation of long-term synaptic depression  
    involved_in response to calcium ion  
    involved_in response to epinephrine  
    involved_in response to estradiol  
    involved_in response to ethanol  
    involved_in response to hypoxia  
    involved_in response to immobilization stress  
    involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide  
    involved_in response to nicotine  
    involved_in response to toxic substance  
    involved_in sensory perception  
    involved_in sensory perception of pain  
    involved_in signal transduction  
    involved_in signal transduction PubMed 
    involved_in startle response  
    involved_in synaptic signaling via neuropeptide  
    involved_in transmission of nerve impulse  
    Items 1 - 25 of 32
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in axon terminus  
    located_in cell body fiber  
    located_in chromaffin granule lumen  
    is_active_in dendrite  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen  
    located_in extracellular region  
    is_active_in neuronal cell body  
    located_in neuronal dense core vesicle lumen  
    located_in perikaryon  
    is_active_in plasma membrane  
    located_in symmetric synapse  
    located_in synaptic vesicle lumen  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    proenkephalin-A
    Names
    enkephalin A
    peptide F
    preproenkephalin

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001135690.3 → NP_001129162.1  proenkephalin-A preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001129162.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK314908, BI496610
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6168.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RC23, P01210, Q6FHC6, Q6FHE6
      Related
      ENSP00000400894.2, ENST00000451791.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01160
      Location:25 → 70
      Opiods_neuropep; Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000008.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      56440957..56446641 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060932.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      56818203..56823883 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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