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    HACD2 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 201562, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    HACD2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9640
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000206527 MIM:615939; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9640
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PTPLB
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene can catalyze the third step (dehydration) in the conversion of long chain fatty acids to very long chain fatty acids. The encoded protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 34.0), prostate (RPKM 10.4) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See HACD2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3q21.1
    Exon count:
    11
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (123491554..123585053, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (126211843..126305184, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (123210401..123303900, complement)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20392 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4799 silencer Neighboring gene SEC22 homolog A, vesicle trafficking protein Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:123014237-123014442 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123028841-123029342 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123033477-123034370 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123034371-123035262 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123038080-123038986 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123038987-123039893 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123047195-123047696 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123047697-123048196 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123049418-123050205 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123062389-123063058 Neighboring gene adenylate cyclase 5 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123068286-123068786 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123069872-123070850 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123104604-123105104 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909420 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123105105-123105605 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123130683-123131208 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123132020-123132563 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123166099-123166998 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123178428-123178928 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123178929-123179429 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14647 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14648 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14649 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20393 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4801 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20394 Neighboring gene MYLK antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123347871-123349070 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9008 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123354794-123355455 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909421 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123368429-123368930 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123368931-123369430 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:123372559-123373059 Neighboring gene myosin light chain kinase

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1/2 form complex with trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase involved in substrates transfer in very long chain fatty acid elongation. Zhou Y, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2024 Apr 16. PMID 38422897
    2. The yeast split-ubiquitin membrane protein two-hybrid screen identifies BAP31 as a regulator of the turnover of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase-like B. Wang B, et al. Mol Cell Biol, 2004 Apr. PMID 15024066, Free PMC Article
    3. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways. Sawai M, et al. J Biol Chem, 2017 Sep 15. PMID 28784662, Free PMC Article
    4. Characterization of four mammalian 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases involved in very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Ikeda M, et al. FEBS Lett, 2008 Jul 9. PMID 18554506
    5. An approach based on a genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for narcolepsy. Shimada M, et al. Hum Genet, 2010 Oct. PMID 20677014

    See all (43) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1/2 form complex with trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase involved in substrates transfer in very long chain fatty acid elongation.
      Title: The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1/2 form complex with trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase involved in substrates transfer in very long chain fatty acid elongation.
    2. Mutations in HACD1 can result in myopathies in humans; knockout mice lacking Hacd1 develop myopathic phenotypes. Data (including data from studies using knockout mice and cultured cells from knockout mice) suggest that HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit overlapping substrate specificities and thus appear to represent redundant activities in skeletal muscle.
      Title: The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways.
    3. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: An approach based on a genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for narcolepsy.
    4. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
    5. Data describe a novel human member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like B (PTPLB) family, an integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, as a BAP31-interacting protein.
      Title: The yeast split-ubiquitin membrane protein two-hybrid screen identifies BAP31 as a regulator of the turnover of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase-like B.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables enzyme binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT enables protein tyrosine phosphatase activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in fatty acid elongation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in fatty acid elongation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sphingolipid biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sphingolipid biosynthetic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2
    Names
    protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member b
    protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like member B
    very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 2
    NP_001316712.1
    NP_001316713.2
    NP_001316715.1
    NP_001316716.1
    NP_940684.1
    XP_047303619.1
    XP_047303620.1
    XP_047303621.1
    XP_054201611.1
    XP_054201612.1
    XP_054201613.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001329783.2 → NP_001316712.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform a

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC020631, AC023165, AC025571

    2. NM_001329784.4 → NP_001316713.2  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform c

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (c) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC020631, AC023165, AC025571, AC084039

    3. NM_001329786.2 → NP_001316715.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks two alternate exons compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (d) is shorter at the N-teminus compared to isoform a. Variants 4 and 5 both encode the same isoform (d).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC020631, AC023165, AC025571
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04387
      Location:1 → 134
      PTPLA; Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, PTPLA

    4. NM_001329787.2 → NP_001316716.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (d) is shorter at the N-teminus compared to isoform a. Variants 4 and 5 both encode the same isoform (d).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC020631, AC023165, AC025571
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04387
      Location:1 → 134
      PTPLA; Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, PTPLA

    5. NM_198402.5 → NP_940684.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_940684.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY191814
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS46895.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q6Y1H2
      Related
      ENSP00000373153.5, ENST00000383657.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam04387
      Location:85 → 245
      PTPLA; Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, PTPLA

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      123491554..123585053 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047447663.1 → XP_047303619.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_047447665.1 → XP_047303621.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X2

    3. XM_047447664.1 → XP_047303620.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X2

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      126211843..126305184 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054345636.1 → XP_054201611.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054345638.1 → XP_054201613.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X2

    3. XM_054345637.1 → XP_054201612.1  very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 isoform X2

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q6Y1H2.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q6Y1H2

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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