Gad2 glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gad2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: glutamic acid decarboxylase 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95634
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026787 AllianceGenome:MGI:95634
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: GAD65; Gad-2; GAD(65); 6330404F12Rik
Summary: Predicted to enable glutamate binding activity; glutamate decarboxylase activity; and pyridoxal phosphate binding activity. Predicted to be involved in gamma-aminobutyrate shunt and gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process. Located in axon; cytoplasm; and synapse. Is expressed in several structures, including central nervous system; genitourinary system; gut; heart; and sensory organ. Used to study epilepsy and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including alcohol dependence; amphetamine abuse; diabetes mellitus (multiple); drug psychosis; and heroin dependence. Orthologous to human GAD2 (glutamate decarboxylase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in frontal lobe adult (RPKM 14.3), whole brain E14.5 (RPKM 8.4) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 A3; 2 15.15 cM

Exon count:: 17

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (22512262..22583889)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (22621015..22693877)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Sex differences in anxiety and threat avoidance in GAD65 knock-out mice.
Title: Sex differences in anxiety and threat avoidance in GAD65 knock-out mice.
Tfap2b acts in GABAergic neurons to control sleep in mice.
Title: Tfap2b acts in GABAergic neurons to control sleep in mice.
GAD65 deficient mice are susceptible to ethanol-induced impairment of motor coordination and facilitation of cerebellar neuronal firing.
Title: GAD65 deficient mice are susceptible to ethanol-induced impairment of motor coordination and facilitation of cerebellar neuronal firing.
FKBP51 mediates resilience to inflammation-induced anxiety through regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 expression in mouse hippocampus.
Title: FKBP51 mediates resilience to inflammation-induced anxiety through regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 expression in mouse hippocampus.
The hypothalamic link between arousal and sleep homeostasis in mice.
Title: The hypothalamic link between arousal and sleep homeostasis in mice.
Optogenetic Stimulation of Type I GAD65(+) Cells in Taste Buds Activates Gustatory Neurons and Drives Appetitive Licking Behavior in Sodium-Depleted Mice.
Title: Optogenetic Stimulation of Type I GAD65(+) Cells in Taste Buds Activates Gustatory Neurons and Drives Appetitive Licking Behavior in Sodium-Depleted Mice.
These results thus identify a molecularly distinct, orexin-activated lateral hypothalamus submodule that governs physical activity in mice.
Title: Orexin-driven GAD65 network of the lateral hypothalamus sets physical activity in mice.
Results suggest age-dependent decrease of GAD65/67 mRNAs but normal densities of certain GABAergic interneurons in the Shank3 transgenic mice.
Title: Age-dependent decrease of GAD65/67 mRNAs but normal densities of GABAergic interneurons in the brain regions of Shank3-overexpressing manic mouse model.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. We show that Dlx1/Dlx2 homeobox genes regulate GABA synthesis during forebrain development through direct activation of glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme isoforms that convert glutamate to GABA.
Title: GABAergic Interneuron Differentiation in the Basal Forebrain Is Mediated through Direct Regulation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Isoforms by Dlx Homeobox Transcription Factors.
Treadmill running prevented partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced reductions in GAD65/67 production, and, thus, GABA levels may be retained in interneurons and neuropils in the superficial dorsal horn.
Title: Improvements in impaired GABA and GAD65/67 production in the spinal dorsal horn contribute to exercise-induced hypoalgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (51)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (5)
Targeted (15) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506918

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506919

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143161

D10Mit157.2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:126061

MARC_35149-35150:1060024542:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:269265

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507876

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:266999

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables glutamate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutamate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyrate shunt	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyrate shunt	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyrate shunt	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to caloric restriction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to cocaine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to dexamethasone	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to progesterone	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in GABA-ergic synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in GABA-ergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in inhibitory synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in presynapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in presynapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in presynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glutamate decarboxylase 2

Names: 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-65

NP_032104.2

EC 4.1.1.15

XP_011237325.1

EC 4.1.1.15

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_008078.2 → NP_032104.2 glutamate decarboxylase 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032104.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL928693, BC018380, BQ571205

Consensus CDS

CCDS15724.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O35519, P48320

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q548L4

Related

ENSMUSP00000028123.4, ENSMUST00000028123.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00282
Location:138 → 509

Pyridoxal_deC; Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase conserved domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

22512262..22583889

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011239023.4 → XP_011237325.1 glutamate decarboxylase 2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl18945
Location:138 → 307

AAT_I; Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) superfamily (fold type I) of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP combines with an alpha-amino acid to form a compound called a Schiff base or aldimine intermediate, which depending on the reaction, is the ...