MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: MIFprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: macrophage migration inhibitory factorprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:7097
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000240972 MIM:153620; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7097
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GIF; GLIF; MMIF
Summary: This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. It plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may indicate an additional role in integrin signaling pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Broad expression in kidney (RPKM 164.4), prostate (RPKM 93.1) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 22q11.23

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	22	NC_000022.11 (23894383..23895223)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	22	NC_060946.1 (24338982..24339822)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	22	NC_000022.10 (24236570..24237410)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

MIF as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for triple-negative breast cancer that correlates with the polarization of M2 macrophages.
Title: MIF as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for triple-negative breast cancer that correlates with the polarization of M2 macrophages.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates skin aging via CD74: Insights from single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data.
Title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates skin aging via CD74: Insights from single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data.
Targeting low levels of MIF expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
Title: Targeting low levels of MIF expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
The human MIF polymorphism CATT7 enhances pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in a clinically relevant model of allergic airway inflammation.
Title: The human MIF polymorphism CATT(7) enhances pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in a clinically relevant model of allergic airway inflammation.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Investigation of MIF gene promoter variations and their haplotypes in the Alzheimer disease in Turkish population.
Title: Investigation of MIF gene promoter variations and their haplotypes in the Alzheimer disease in Turkish population.
Association study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hypoxia response element of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene promoter with suicide completers in the Japanese population.
Title: Association study of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hypoxia response element of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene promoter with suicide completers in the Japanese population.
WISP1 induces the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human lung fibroblasts through Src kinases and EGFR-activated signaling pathways.
Title: WISP1 induces the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human lung fibroblasts through Src kinases and EGFR-activated signaling pathways.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A noval biomarker upregulates in myasthenia gravis and correlates with disease severity and relapse.
Title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A noval biomarker upregulates in myasthenia gravis and correlates with disease severity and relapse.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reversed senescent phenotype in human chondrocytes in vitro.
Title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reversed senescent phenotype in human chondrocytes in vitro.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (719)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis MedGen: C1858558 OMIM: 604302 GeneReviews: Not available	not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing concentrations of liver enzymes in plasma. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef specifically incorporates CSF2, PPBP (NAP2), CCL5, TNF, FAS, CXCL1, IL12B, MIF and OSM into plasma extracellular vesicles from HIV-1 infected patient samples	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene (glycosylation-inhibiting factor, MIF) in mammary epithelial cells	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	Treatment of human primary astrocytes with HIV-1 Vpr upregulates secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and MIF and downregulates secretion of serpin E1, a serine proteinase inhibitor (known as PAI-1)	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu-expressing U937 monocytes coculture with LX2 stellate cells to upregulate expression of profibrogenic markers COL-1, PCT, SMA-1, VEGF, and MMP2, which is inhibited by MIF treatment	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables dopachrome isomerase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protease binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in carboxylic acid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular senescence	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cellular senescence	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of B cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of arachidonate secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein homotrimerization	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of macrophage activation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in vesicle	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: macrophage migration inhibitory factor

Names: L-dopachrome isomerase; L-dopachrome tautomerase; epididymis secretory sperm binding protein; macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor); phenylpyruvate tautomerase

NP_002406.1

EC 5.3.2.1

EC 5.3.3.12

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.