Msx2 msh homeobox 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Msx2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: msh homeobox 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:97169
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000021469 AllianceGenome:MGI:97169
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Hox8; Hox-8; Hox8.1
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and osteoblast differentiation. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including embryonic limb morphogenesis; heart development; and skeletal system development. Part of transcription regulator complex. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; embryo ectoderm; embryo mesenchyme; genitourinary system; and sensory organ. Used to study craniosynostosis and parietal foramina. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in craniosynostosis and parietal foramina. Orthologous to human MSX2 (msh homeobox 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in bladder adult (RPKM 15.0), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 7.7) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 13 B1; 13 27.84 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	13	NC_000079.7 (53620917..53626816, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	13	NC_000079.6 (53466881..53472780, complement)

Chromosome 13 - NC_000079.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Enam expression is regulated by Msx2.
Title: Enam expression is regulated by Msx2.
Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2.
Title: Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2.
Loss of Msx1 and Msx2 in neural stem cells lead the small size of the brain in mice.
Title: Loss of homeoprotein Msx1 and Msx2 leading to athletic and kinematic impairment related to the increasing neural excitability of neurons in aberrant neocortex in mice.
Used Msx2 conditional knockouts as a model and found that Msx2 deficiency in surface ectoderm induced ocular anterior segment dysgenesis. Loss of Msx2 function specifically affected lens development, while other eye structures were not significantly affected. Multiple lines of evidence show that calcium signaling pathways are involved in this pathogenesis.
Title: Lens-specific conditional knockout of Msx2 in mice leads to ocular anterior segment dysgenesis via activation of a calcium signaling pathway.
When conditional, tissue-specific ablation of both Msx1 and Msx2 was accomplished in the mouse uterus, a dramatically impaired decidual response was observed. In the absence of both Msx1 and Msx2, uterine stromal cells were able to proliferate, but they failed to undergo terminal differentiation
Title: Msx Homeobox Genes Act Downstream of BMP2 to Regulate Endometrial Decidualization in Mice and in Humans.
marks spatially restricted populations of mesenchymal precursor cells with diverse differentiation potential
Title: Msx2 Marks Spatially Restricted Populations of Mesenchymal Precursors.
intrinsic Msx2 expression supports epithelial competency during hair follicle neogenesis. This work provides insight into endogenous mechanisms modulating competency of adult epidermal progenitors for mammalian ectodermal appendage neogenesis, and offers the target Msx2 for future regeneration-promoting therapies.
Title: Msx2 Supports Epidermal Competency during Wound-Induced Hair Follicle Neogenesis.
MSX2 partially mediates the effects of BMP4 signaling during reprogramming, improving our understanding of the role of BMP signaling in MET and of the connection between cell lineage specifiers such as MSX2 and GATA3 and pluripotency
Title: The homeobox transcription factor MSX2 partially mediates the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on somatic cell reprogramming.
The activation of apoptosis through the caspase-8/caspase-3 signaling pathway, together with the downregulation of FoxE3 expression, appeared to account for the smaller lens formation in Msx2CKO mice
Title: Lens-specific deletion of the Msx2 gene increased apoptosis by enhancing the caspase-3/caspase-8 signaling pathway.
The MSX2 gene is expressed in ameloblasts. The knockdown of MSX2 can inhibit the expression of enamel matrix proteins and the enamel mineralization.
Title: [Knockdown of MSX2 gene inhibits the expression of enamel matrix proteins and the enamel mineralization in mouse ameloblasts].

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (90)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Chemically induced (ENU) (1)
Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (6) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143916

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143917

L11739 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:160303

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:516407

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531525

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531526

BB122635 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:185974

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547458

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547267

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:498394

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transcription factor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within BMP signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of BMP signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within BMP signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within activation of meiosis	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within anagen	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within anterior/posterior pattern specification	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone trabecula formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cartilage development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cartilage development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of catagen	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to estradiol stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to growth factor stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within chondrocyte development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic digit morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic limb morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic morphogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic nail plate morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within enamel mineralization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within endochondral bone growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within frontal suture morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within mammary gland epithelium development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within odontogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within ossification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in osteoblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within outflow tract morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within outflow tract septum morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of timing of catagen	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within stem cell differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within wound healing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nuclear speck	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nuclear speck	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: homeobox protein MSX-2

Names: homeo box, msh-like 2; homeobox protein Hox-8-1; homeobox, msh-like 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.