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    Hcar1 hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 243270, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Hcar1provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:2441671
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000049241 AllianceGenome:MGI:2441671
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Gpr81
    Summary
    Enables G protein-coupled receptor activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and negative regulation of lipid catabolic process. Is active in membrane. Is expressed in retina ganglion cell layer and retina layer. Orthologous to human HCAR1 (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Hcar1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5 F; 5 63.24 cM
    Exon count:
    1
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 5 NC_000071.7 (124014802..124018066, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 5 NC_000071.6 (123876739..123880003, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene kinetochore associated 1 Neighboring gene hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_14329 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4789 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E6379 Neighboring gene density-regulated protein Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_14330 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr5:124397405-124397706 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 62

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Delays Choroid Development in the HCAR1 Knockout Mouse. Modaresinejad M, et al. Am J Pathol, 2024 Dec. PMID 39332673
    2. Lactate Inhibits the Pro-Inflammatory Response and Metabolic Reprogramming in Murine Macrophages in a GPR81-Independent Manner. Errea A, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 27846210, Free PMC Article
    3. Lactate produced during labor modulates uterine inflammation via GPR81 (HCA(1)). Madaan A, et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2017 Jan. PMID 27615440
    4. GPR81, a Cell-Surface Receptor for Lactate, Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Protects Mice from Experimental Colitis. Ranganathan P, et al. J Immunol, 2018 Mar 1. PMID 29386257, Free PMC Article
    5. The Lactate Receptor HCAR1 Modulates Neuronal Network Activity through the Activation of G(α) and G(βγ) Subunits. de Castro Abrantes H, et al. J Neurosci, 2019 Jun 5. PMID 30926749, Free PMC Article

    See all (48) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Deletion of GPR81 activates CREB/Smad7 pathway and alleviates liver fibrosis in mice.
      Title: Deletion of GPR81 activates CREB/Smad7 pathway and alleviates liver fibrosis in mice.
    2. Lactate secreted via MCT4 from bonecolonizing breast cancer excites sensory neurons via GPR81.
      Title: Lactate secreted via MCT4 from bone‑colonizing breast cancer excites sensory neurons via GPR81.
    3. Activation of brain lactate receptor GPR81 aggravates exercise-induced central fatigue.
      Title: Activation of brain lactate receptor GPR81 aggravates exercise-induced central fatigue.
    4. Activation of GPR81 Aggravates Remote Organ Injury During Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
      Title: Activation of GPR81 Aggravates Remote Organ Injury During Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
    5. Overexpressing the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 in mouse brown adipose tissue restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice.
      Title: Overexpressing the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 in mouse brown adipose tissue restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice.
    6. Activation of lactate receptor HCAR1 down-modulates neuronal activity in rodent and human brain tissue.
      Title: Activation of lactate receptor HCAR1 down-modulates neuronal activity in rodent and human brain tissue.
    7. Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates neurogenesis and microglia activation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
      Title: Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates neurogenesis and microglia activation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
    8. Neuronal GPR81 regulates developmental brain angiogenesis and promotes brain recovery after a hypoxic ischemic insult.
      Title: Neuronal GPR81 regulates developmental brain angiogenesis and promotes brain recovery after a hypoxic ischemic insult.
    9. Lactate activates hypothalamic POMC neurons by intercellular signaling.
      Title: Lactate activates hypothalamic POMC neurons by intercellular signaling.
    10. Participation of L-Lactate and Its Receptor HCAR1/GPR81 in Neurovisual Development.
      Title: Participation of L-Lactate and Its Receptor HCAR1/GPR81 in Neurovisual Development.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (28)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 
    • Targeted (2)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in intracellular organelle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1
    Names
    G-protein coupled receptor 81

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_175520.5 → NP_780729.3  hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC122753, AC129582
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS19669.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B9EJ36, Q8C131
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A4Y1JWM1, E9PZR8
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000129280.3, ENSMUST00000164267.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15201
      Location:16 → 289
      7tmA_HCAR1-3; hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000071.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      124014802..124018066 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8C131.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8C131

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous