CXCL2 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CXCL2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4603
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000081041 MIM:139110; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4603
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GRO2; GROb; MIP2; MIP2A; SCYB2; MGSA-b; MIP-2a; CINC-2a
Summary: This antimicrobial gene is part of a chemokine superfamily that encodes secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CXC subfamily, is expressed at sites of inflammation and may suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in immune response or antiviral activity.
Expression: Broad expression in liver (RPKM 52.2), gall bladder (RPKM 27.8) and 15 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q13.3

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (74097040..74099195, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (77440641..77442796, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (74962757..74964912, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Identification and Validation of CXCL2 as a Key Gene for Childhood Obesity.
Title: Identification and Validation of CXCL2 as a Key Gene for Childhood Obesity.
Tumor-associated macrophages mediate gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell metastasis through CXCL2/CXCR2.
Title: Tumor-associated macrophages mediate gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell metastasis through CXCL2/CXCR2.
CXCL2 acts as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in stomach adenocarcinoma.
Title: CXCL2 acts as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in stomach adenocarcinoma.
ARG1 and CXCL2 are potential biomarkers target for psoriasis patients.
Title: ARG1 and CXCL2 are potential biomarkers target for psoriasis patients.
SNAIL Induces EMT and Lung Metastasis of Tumours Secreting CXCL2 to Promote the Invasion of M2-Type Immunosuppressed Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer.
Title: SNAIL Induces EMT and Lung Metastasis of Tumours Secreting CXCL2 to Promote the Invasion of M2-Type Immunosuppressed Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer.
Regulation of tumor immune suppression and cancer cell survival by CXCL1/2 elevation in glioblastoma multiforme.
Title: Regulation of tumor immune suppression and cancer cell survival by CXCL1/2 elevation in glioblastoma multiforme.
CXCL2-mediated ATR/CHK1 signaling pathway and platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Title: CXCL2-mediated ATR/CHK1 signaling pathway and platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.
CXCL2/10/12/14 are prognostic biomarkers and correlated with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: CXCL2/10/12/14 are prognostic biomarkers and correlated with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cis-acting lnc-Cxcl2 restrains neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation by inhibiting epithelial cell CXCL2 expression in virus infection.
Title: Cis-acting lnc-Cxcl2 restrains neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation by inhibiting epithelial cell CXCL2 expression in virus infection.
CXCL2 benefits acute myeloid leukemia cells in hypoxia.
Title: CXCL2 benefits acute myeloid leukemia cells in hypoxia.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (68)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of white blood cell count in 16,388 African Americans: the continental origins and genetic epidemiology network (COGENT). EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Identification of nine novel loci associated with white blood cell subtypes in a Japanese population. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120-treated vaginal epithelial cells show upregulation of CXCL2 expression as compared to untreated control	PubMed
Tat	tat	Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH17698 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:48395

D4S3343 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38442

CXCL2_1876 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280633

D4S2819 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:30030

SHGC-67843 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:35451

RH69945 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:49811

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in killing of cells of another organism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to molecule of bacterial origin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: C-X-C motif chemokine 2

Names: GRO2 oncogene; MGSA beta; MIP2-alpha; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2; gro-beta; growth-regulated protein beta; macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha; melanoma growth stimulatory activity beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002089.4 → NP_002080.1 C-X-C motif chemokine 2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002080.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC053653, BX334969, X53799

Consensus CDS

CCDS34008.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P19875, Q6FGD6, Q9UPB8

Related

ENSP00000427279.1, ENST00000508487.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:40 → 102

Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...