FLD protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: FLD
Official Full Name: protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein
Primary source: TAIR:AT3G10390
Locus tag: AT3G10390
See related: Araport:AT3G10390
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: FLOWERING LOCUS D; Reduced Systemic immunity 1; RSI1
Summary: Encodes a plant homolog of a SWIRM domain containing protein found in histone deacetylase complexes in mammals. Lesions in FLD result in hyperacetylation of histones in FLC chromatin, up-regulation of FLC expression and extremely delayed flowering. FLD plays a key role in regulating the reproductive competence of the shoot and results in different developmental phase transitions in Arabidopsis.
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Genomic context

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See FLD in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 3

Exon count:: 4

Sequence:: Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (3229060..3232531)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003074.8

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

RSI1/FLD and its epigenetic target RRTF1 are essential for the retention of infection memory in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Title: RSI1/FLD and its epigenetic target RRTF1 are essential for the retention of infection memory in Arabidopsis thaliana.
FT together with FD represses FLC expression through a 5' promoter region.
Title: Feedback Regulation of FLC by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FD through a 5' FLC Promoter Region in Arabidopsis.
Thus, plants most likely direct their KDM1 chromatin-modifying enzymes to methylated histones of the target chromatin by a mechanism different from that employed by the mammalian cells.
Title: Plant homologs of mammalian MBT-domain protein-regulated KDM1 histone lysine demethylases do not interact with plant Tudor/PWWP/MBT-domain proteins.
HDA6 and FLD could act together in a protein complex. Increased levels of histone H3 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation, indicating functional interplay between histone deacetylase and demethylase through HDA6 and FLD interaction in flowering control.
Title: HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS D and regulates flowering in Arabidopsis.
Arabidopsis flowering locus D influences systemic-acquired-resistance- induced expression and histone modifications of WRKY genes.
Title: Arabidopsis flowering locus D influences systemic-acquired-resistance- induced expression and histone modifications of WRKY genes.
Data indicate that conformational changes of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), mediated by cyclophilin (CYP20-2), may directly regulate the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to influence flowering.
Title: The cyclophilin CYP20-2 modulates the conformation of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1, which binds the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS D to regulate flowering in Arabidopsis.
FLD's function in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is independent of FLC.
Title: Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS D is required for systemic acquired resistance.
Data show that by repressing FLD activity through sumoylation, SIZ1 promoted FLC expression.
Title: The SUMO E3 ligase, AtSIZ1, regulates flowering by controlling a salicylic acid-mediated floral promotion pathway and through affects on FLC chromatin structure.
There is a close association of FCA and FLD in mediating H3K4 demethylation and thus transcriptional silencing of FLC.
Title: The Arabidopsis RNA-binding protein FCA requires a lysine-specific demethylase 1 homolog to downregulate FLC.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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NM_001337874.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_111874.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables histone demethylase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables oxidoreductase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of flower development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within_positive_effect regulation of photoperiodism, flowering	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to diterpene	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to diterpene	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within_positive_effect systemic acquired resistance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chloroplast	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein

NP_187650.4

FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD); FUNCTIONS IN: primary amine oxidase activity; INVOLVED IN: vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem, positive regulation of flower development, histone deacetylation; LOCATED IN: chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 11 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Amine oxidase (InterPro:IPR002937), SWIRM (InterPro:IPR007526); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: LSD1-like 1 (TAIR:AT1G62830.1); Has 6633 Blast hits to 6189 proteins in 1142 species: Archae - 35; Bacteria - 2778; Metazoa - 1469; Fungi - 560; Plants - 667; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 1124 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

Range

3229060..3232531

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001337872.1 → NP_001326315.1 protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VMS6, A0A1I9LNW7, A0A654F5S0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN03000
Location:53 → 921

PLN03000; amine oxidase
NM_001337873.1 → NP_001326314.1 protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VMS6, A0A1I9LNW6
NM_111874.4 → NP_187650.4 protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_187650.4

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VMS6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

PLN03000
Location:1 → 884

PLN03000; amine oxidase

pfam04433
Location:85 → 168

SWIRM; SWIRM domain

pfam13450
Location:189 → 251

NAD_binding_8; NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like domain
NM_001337874.1 → NP_001326316.1 protein FLOWERING locus D-like protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

F4J3R3, Q58T18, Q9CAE3, Q9SS50

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178VMS6