U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

TRB T cell receptor beta locus [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6957, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
TRBprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
T cell receptor beta locusprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:12155
See related
AllianceGenome:HGNC:12155
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
TCRB; TRB@
Summary
T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor beta locus. The beta locus includes V (variable), J (joining), diversity (D), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the beta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments and one J segment of the beta locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The beta locus also includes eight trypsinogen genes, three of which encode functional proteins and five of which are pseudogenes. Chromosomal abnormalities involving the T-cell receptor beta locus have been associated with T-cell lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See TRB in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
7q34
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (142299011..142813287)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (143614080..144169005)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (141998851..142510972)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9540 Neighboring gene serine protease 59, pseudogene Neighboring gene PRSS3 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375539 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142032227-142032727 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142044797-142045298 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 3-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 4-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-1 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142265914-142266545 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-1 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 4-2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 8-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-2 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 8-2 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-3 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 10-1 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142190619-142191818 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 11-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 12-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 9 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 10-2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986855 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 11-2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 12-2 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-5 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-4 Neighboring gene microRNA 11400 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-6 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-5 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-5 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-7 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-6 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-6 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 6-8 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-7 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 5-7 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 7-9 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 10-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 13 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 11-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 12-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 12-4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 12-5 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1556/5446 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 14 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 15 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 16 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 17 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 20-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 18 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11750 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 19 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 21-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak6801 silencer Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 22-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 23-1 (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 24-1 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142403795-142404426 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142404427-142405058 Neighboring gene MT-RNR2 like 6 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 25-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable A (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 26 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901763 Neighboring gene piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 27 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 28 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable B (pseudogene) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 29-1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901762 Neighboring gene PRSS3 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr7.5162 Neighboring gene serine protease 1 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142506073-142507272 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375541 Neighboring gene WBP1L pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene serine protease 2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-5 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 1-6 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-2P (non-functional) Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-1 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr7.5168 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-3 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-4 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-5 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-6 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta joining 2-7 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta diversity 1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta constant 1 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta diversity 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142564181-142564714 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:142564989-142565924 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta constant 2 Neighboring gene T cell receptor beta variable 30 Neighboring gene EPH receptor B6

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. A novel loop domain in superantigens extends their T cell receptor recognition site. Günther S, et al. J Mol Biol, 2007 Aug 3. PMID 17560605, Free PMC Article
  2. [The study of the expression of TCR BV CDR3 family in fulminant hepatitis B patients]. Shi WJ, et al. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi, 2013 Aug. PMID 24579463
  3. Mutations of the T-cell receptor constant region after in utero stem cell transplantation. Pirovano S, et al. Immunogenetics, 2004 Jun. PMID 15138733
  4. Sulfamethoxazole induces a switch mechanism in T cell receptors containing TCRVβ20-1, altering pHLA recognition. Watkins S, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 24116097, Free PMC Article
  5. Nonsense-associated alternative splicing of T-cell receptor beta genes: no evidence for frame dependence. Mohn F, et al. RNA, 2005 Feb. PMID 15613535, Free PMC Article

See all (125) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The spike-specific TCRbeta repertoire shows distinct features in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Title: The spike-specific TCRβ repertoire shows distinct features in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  2. Characterization of the TCRbeta repertoire of peripheral MR1-restricted MAIT cells in psoriasis vulgaris patients.
    Title: Characterization of the TCRβ repertoire of peripheral MR1-restricted MAIT cells in psoriasis vulgaris patients.
  3. Response to Hypomethylating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Is Associated With Emergence of Novel TCR Clonotypes.
    Title: Response to Hypomethylating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Is Associated With Emergence of Novel TCR Clonotypes.
  4. T cell receptor interactions with human leukocyte antigen govern indirect peptide selectivity for the cancer testis antigen MAGE-A4.
    Title: T cell receptor interactions with human leukocyte antigen govern indirect peptide selectivity for the cancer testis antigen MAGE-A4.
  5. Geometrical characterization of T cell receptor binding modes reveals class-specific binding to maximize access to antigen.
    Title: Geometrical characterization of T cell receptor binding modes reveals class-specific binding to maximize access to antigen.
  6. The 3A6-TCR/superagonist/HLA-DR2a complex shows similar interface and reduced flexibility compared to the complex with self-peptide.
    Title: The 3A6-TCR/superagonist/HLA-DR2a complex shows similar interface and reduced flexibility compared to the complex with self-peptide.
  7. T cell receptor alpha beta+/CD19+ graft depletion effectively prevents graft-versus-host disease.
    Title: Mismatched related vs matched unrelated donors in TCRαβ/CD19-depleted HSCT for primary immunodeficiencies.
  8. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing of the CDR3 region of TCRbeta to comprehensively interrogate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma nodal tissues. Data were collated with gene expression and survival to clarify the relationship between the clonal complexity of intra-tumoral T cells the TME and outcome after conventional frontline R-CHOP therapy
    Title: The T-cell Receptor Repertoire Influences the Tumor Microenvironment and Is Associated with Survival in Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma.
  9. A conserved alpha-beta transmembrane interface forms the core of a compact T-cell receptor-CD3 structure within the membrane.
    Title: A conserved αβ transmembrane interface forms the core of a compact T-cell receptor-CD3 structure within the membrane.
  10. Compared to healthy neonates, neonates with sepsis had different VJ pairs and generated different clonotypes. Although the TCR beta-chain diversity was generally lower in neonates with sepsis, there was no significant difference in TCR beta-chain diversity between patients and healthy controls.
    Title: Composition and Variation Analysis of the T Cell Receptor β-Chain Complementarity Determining Region 3 Repertoire in Neonatal Sepsis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (92)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome wide analysis of narcolepsy in China implicates novel immune loci and reveals changes in association prior to versus after the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome wide association study (GWAS) of Chagas cardiomyopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive subjects.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Other Names

  • M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain
  • T-cell antigen receptor, beta polypeptide, T-cell receptor, beta cluster
  • T-cell receptor, beta cluster
  • TCRB, TRB@
  • TR beta chain TRBV19*01J2S7*01C*02

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables signaling receptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in detection of tumor cell IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of alpha-beta T cell receptor complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Names
T cell receptor beta locus
M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain
T-cell antigen receptor, beta polypeptide, T-cell receptor, beta cluster
T-cell receptor, beta cluster
TCRB, TRB@
TR beta chain TRBV19*01J2S7*01C*02

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_001333.2 

    Range
    91557..667340
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    142299011..142813287
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Genomic

  1. NT_187562.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

    Range
    260931..836260
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    143614080..144169005
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P0DSE2.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0DSE2
P0DTU4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P0DTU4

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials