SST somatostatin [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: SSTprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: somatostatinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:11329
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000157005 MIM:182450; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11329
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: SMST; SST1
Summary: The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in stomach (RPKM 141.6), duodenum (RPKM 136.3) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q27.3

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	3	NC_000003.12 (187668912..187670394, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	3	NC_060927.1 (190486363..190487845, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	3	NC_000003.11 (187386700..187388182, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Nature of Prefrontal Cortical GABA Neuron Alterations in Schizophrenia: Markedly Lower Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Gene Expression Without Missing Neurons.
Title: The Nature of Prefrontal Cortical GABA Neuron Alterations in Schizophrenia: Markedly Lower Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Gene Expression Without Missing Neurons.
Somatostatin Containing delta-Cell Number Is Reduced in Type-2 Diabetes.
Title: Somatostatin Containing δ-Cell Number Is Reduced in Type-2 Diabetes.
Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin.
Title: Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin.
Urocortin3: Local inducer of somatostatin release and bellwether of beta cell maturity.
Title: Urocortin3: Local inducer of somatostatin release and bellwether of beta cell maturity.
LINC01133 hampers the development of gastric cancer through increasing somatostatin via binding to microRNA-576-5p.
Title: LINC01133 hampers the development of gastric cancer through increasing somatostatin via binding to microRNA-576-5p.
Role of Somatostatin Signalling in Neuroendocrine Tumours.
Title: Role of Somatostatin Signalling in Neuroendocrine Tumours.
Reduced inhibition in depression impairs stimulus processing in human cortical microcircuits.
Title: Reduced inhibition in depression impairs stimulus processing in human cortical microcircuits.
Somatostatin contributes to long-term potentiation at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal somatostatinergic interneurons.
Title: Somatostatin contributes to long-term potentiation at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal somatostatinergic interneurons.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The physiology of neuronostatin.
Title: MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The physiology of neuronostatin.
SST gene hypermethylation acts as a pan-cancer marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and multiple other tumors: toward its use for blood-based diagnosis.
Title: SST gene hypermethylation acts as a pan-cancer marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and multiple other tumors: toward its use for blood-based diagnosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (97)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Co-exposure of human fetal neurons to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and HIV-1 gp120 leads to a dose-dependent increase in BDNF-induced somatostatin (SRIF) production	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SST-112F (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:25600

SHGC-77648 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:62741

SHGC-77642 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:35901

PMC123023P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270423

G67157 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:186235

G67158 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:186236

G67159 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:186237

SST (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:49790

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in digestion	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in hyperosmotic response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell migration	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to acidic pH	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to amino acid	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to nutrient	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in response to steroid hormone	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in somatostatin signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in GABA-ergic synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal dense core vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: somatostatin

Names: growth hormone release-inhibiting factor; prepro-somatostatin; somatostatin-14; somatostatin-28

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.