Slc18a3 solute carrier family 18 member A3 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Slc18a3provided by RGD
Official Full Name: solute carrier family 18 member A3provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:62072
See related: AllianceGenome:RGD:62072
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: rVAT; VACht
Summary: Enables acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity. Involved in acetylcholine uptake and neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle. Located in axon terminus and synaptic vesicle. Part of AP-1 adaptor complex and AP-2 adaptor complex. Is active in cholinergic synapse; neuromuscular junction; and synaptic vesicle membrane. Biomarker of asthma and bladder disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital myasthenic syndrome 21. Orthologous to human SLC18A3 (solute carrier family 18 member A3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p16

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	16	NC_086034.1 (7719953..7722814, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	16	NC_051351.1 (7713630..7716491, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	16	NC_005115.4 (8682668..8685529, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_086034.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Characterization of Splice Variants during Ontogenesis of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons.
Title: Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Characterization of Splice Variants during Ontogenesis of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons.
VACHT is inserted into the presynaptic membrane during synaptic vesicles' exocytosis, removed during their endocytotic recycling, and plays a role in non-quantal secretion of acetylcholine.
Title: Increased non-quantal release of acetylcholine after inhibition of endocytosis by methyl-β-cyclodextrin: the role of vesicular acetylcholine transporter.
Sympathetic preganlionics segregate mENK from VAChT and ChAT; most of the subset of mENKergic varicosities negative for VAChT also do not express Syn, suggesting a different vesicular pattern in these sympathetic preganglionic varicosities.
Title: Segregation of met-enkephalin from vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase in sympathetic preganglionic varicosities mostly lacking synaptophysin and synaptotagmin.
results suggest that in rodent prefrontal cortex, the alpha7nAChR plays a major role in modulation of the postsynaptic excitation in spiny dendrites in contact with vesicular acetylcholine transporter containing axons
Title: Spatial and intracellular relationships between the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the prefrontal cortex of rat and mouse.
VAChT concentrations were increased in the brain of control SHR compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Title: Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): effect of treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
These results made [125I]-( R,R)-5-AOIBV inferior to [125I]-IBVM for the VAChT exploration in vivo.
Title: (E)-[125I]-5-AOIBV: a SPECT radioligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.
During VAChT trafficking, the C-terminal dileucine-containing motif is sufficient as a dual signal for both internalization and synaptic vesicle targeting.
Title: Dileucine motif is sufficient for internalization and synaptic vesicle targeting of vesicular acetylcholine transporter.
18.0 mg/kg dose of chlorpyrifos was associated with (brain region-dependent) decreases in nerve growth factor receptors and cholinergic proteins including the vesicular acetylcholine transporter
Title: Chronic, intermittent exposure to chlorpyrifos in rats: protracted effects on axonal transport, neurotrophin receptors, cholinergic markers, and information processing.
VAChT interacts with clathrin-associated adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2
Title: The vesicular acetylcholine transporter interacts with clathrin-associated adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2.
A model for VAChT is suggested in which the known ion pair between lysine in transmembrane domain(TMD)II and aspartate in TMDXI controls the conformation or relative position of TMDXI, which in turn controls additional TMDs in the VAChT carboxy-terminal.
Title: Mutational and pH analysis of ionic residues in transmembrane domains of vesicular acetylcholine transporter.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:547010

Slc18a3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547010

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables monoamine:proton antiporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in acetylcholine transport	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in acetylcholine uptake	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in acetylcholine uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in proton transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in serotonin uptake	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of AP-1 adaptor complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of AP-1 adaptor complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of AP-2 adaptor complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of AP-2 adaptor complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon terminus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cholinergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cholinergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in neuromuscular junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in neuromuscular junction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in neuron projection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perikaryon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in terminal bouton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in terminal bouton	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: vesicular acetylcholine transporter

Names: solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine transporter), member 3; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine), member 3; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine) member 3; solute carrier family 18, member 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031663.2 → NP_113851.1 vesicular acetylcholine transporter

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

CB693073, U09211, U09838

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q62666, Q64351

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6KFV7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd17383
Location:36 → 459

MFS_SLC18A3_VAChT; Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and similar transporters of the Major Facilitator Superfamily