Kr Kruppel [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Krprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Kruppelprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0001325
Locus tag: Dmel_CG3340
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0001325
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG3340; Dm-Kr; Dmel\CG3340; If; kr; KR; Kru
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis; generation of neurons; and negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including anlage in statu nascendi; anterior-posterior subdivision of organism; embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell; posterior ectoderm derivative; and somatic precursor cell. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
NEW: Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:: 60F5-60F5; 2-107 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (25226611..25231394)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (21114134..21118917)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Multifaceted effects on even-skipped transcriptional dynamics upon Kruppel dosage changes.
Title: Multifaceted effects on even-skipped transcriptional dynamics upon Krüppel dosage changes.
In this study, ChIP/chip datasets are analyzed using the corresponding PWMs for the well-studied TFs; CAUDAL, HUNCHBACK, KNIRPS and KRUPPEL, to determine the distribution of predicted binding sites. All four TFs are critical regulators of gene expression along the anterio-posterior axis in early Drosophila development
Title: Spatial distribution of predicted transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila ChIP peaks.
Surprisingly, the early temporal gene Kruppel acts as one of the sub-temporal genes within the late castor window.
Title: Neuronal cell fate diversification controlled by sub-temporal action of Kruppel.
Kr regulation can limit the positional variability of the Hb mid-embryo border.
Title: Mid-embryo patterning and precision in Drosophila segmentation: Krüppel dual regulation of hunchback.
Kruppel induction is specific to the loss of Shal, a potassium channel mutant.
Title: Krüppel mediates the selective rebalancing of ion channel expression.
Kruppel tethers the SAP18 bound histone deacetylase complex 1 at distinct enhancer elements, which causes repression via histone H3 deacetylation
Title: SAP18 promotes Krüppel-dependent transcriptional repression by enhancer-specific histone deacetylation.
Kr-h1 mediates some of the JH signaling in the adult abdominal epidermis and is upstream of broad protein in this pathway
Title: Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) mediates juvenile hormone action during metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster.
The segmentation function of Kruppel in Tribolium is fundamentally different from its role in the long-germ embryo of Drosophila.
Title: Breakdown of abdominal patterning in the Tribolium Kruppel mutant jaws.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Dm0067 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:55773

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in axon guidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in heterochromatin formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in muscle organ development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast fate determination	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast fate determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of development, heterochronic	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of hemocyte proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in trunk segmentation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: kruppel

Names: CG3340-PA; CG3340-PB; Kr-PA; Kr-PB; irregular facets; krpple; krueppel; kuppel; lruppel

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

25226611..25231394

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001274252.1 → NP_001261181.1 kruppel, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261181.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P07247, Q8SYW3, Q9W0V9

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B5RIE4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

sd00017
Location:224 → 244

ZF_C2H2; C2H2 Zn finger [structural motif]

pfam13465
Location:237 → 261

zf-H2C2_2; Zinc-finger double domain
NM_079143.3 → NP_523867.1 kruppel, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523867.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P07247, Q8SYW3, Q9W0V9

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B5RIE4

Related

FBpp0072351

Conserved Domains (2) summary

sd00017
Location:224 → 244

ZF_C2H2; C2H2 Zn finger [structural motif]

pfam13465
Location:237 → 261

zf-H2C2_2; Zinc-finger double domain