cad caudal [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: cadprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: caudalprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000251
Locus tag: Dmel_CG1759
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000251
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 38E.19; anon-WO2004063362.83; Cad; CAD; Cadf; Caudal; cd; CG1759; Dm-Cad; Dmel\CG1759; S67
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including germ-band extension; positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process; and regionalization. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including Malpighian tubule; anal pad; genital disc; germline cell; and gut section. Orthologous to several human genes including CDX1 (caudal type homeobox 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 38E9-38E10; 2-54 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2L	NT_033779.5 (20770731..20783135)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2L	NT_033779.4 (20770731..20783135)

Chromosome 2L - NT_033779.5 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Aging-related upregulation of the homeobox gene caudal represses intestinal stem cell differentiation in Drosophila.
Title: Aging-related upregulation of the homeobox gene caudal represses intestinal stem cell differentiation in Drosophila.
In this study, ChIP/chip datasets are analyzed using the corresponding PWMs for the well-studied TFs; CAUDAL, HUNCHBACK, KNIRPS and KRUPPEL, to determine the distribution of predicted binding sites. All four TFs are critical regulators of gene expression along the anterio-posterior axis in early Drosophila development
Title: Spatial distribution of predicted transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila ChIP peaks.
Using a systematic series of deletion mutants (all containing the intact DNA-binding homeodomain) we discovered that the C-terminal region of Caudal contributes to the preferential activation of the fushi tarazu (ftz) Caudal target gene.
Title: Structure-Function Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster Caudal Transcription Factor Provides Insights into Core Promoter-preferential Activation.
Bicoid acts through a 63 nt response element in the caudal 3' untranslated region that includes a single miR-2 target site. Four predicted Bicoid splice isoforms are capable of caudal repression; all require the microRNA target for repression.
Title: MicroRNAs act as cofactors in bicoid-mediated translational repression.
Abdominal-B and caudal inhibit the formation of specific neuroblasts in the Drosophila tail region.
Title: Abdominal-B and caudal inhibit the formation of specific neuroblasts in the Drosophila tail region.
Bicoid recruits Bin3 to the caudal 3' UTR.
Title: The Bin3 RNA methyltransferase is required for repression of caudal translation in the Drosophila embryo.
Age- and oxidative-stress-related upregulation of the caudal gene is mediated by the NF-kappaB binding site located in the 5'-flanking region of the caudal gene.
Title: Age-related upregulation of Drosophila caudal gene via NF-kappaB in the adult posterior midgut.
study shows that the intestinal homeobox gene Caudal regulates the commensal-gut mutualism by repressing nuclear factor kappa B-dependent antimicrobial peptide genes
Title: Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila.
Transcriptional activation of the Drosophila caudal homeobox gene by the DRE-binding factor (DREF).
Title: Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila caudal homeobox gene by DRE/DREF.
In this study, we have identified the binding sites for bHLH-PAS proteins, referred to as CNS midline element (CME), in the 5'-flanking region of the Drosophila caudal gene.
Title: Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila caudal homeobox gene by bHLH-PAS proteins.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in analia development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in blastoderm segmentation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in digestive tract development	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in embryonic pattern specification	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in gastrulation involving germ band extension	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in germ-band extension	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hindgut morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in segment specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed