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Appl beta amyloid protein precursor-like [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 31002, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol
Applprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
beta amyloid protein precursor-likeprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0000108
Locus tag
Dmel_CG7727
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000108
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
Abeta; APP; APP-like; appl; APPL; BcDNA:GH04413; CG7727; dAbeta; dAPPl; dAPPL; Dmel\CG7727; EG:65F1.5
Summary
Predicted to enable heparin binding activity and transition metal ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including memory; nervous system development; and response to axon injury. Located in several cellular components, including axon; extracellular region; and neuronal cell body. Is expressed in several structures, including anterior-posterior subdivision of organism; ganglia; neuron projection bundle; photoreceptor neurons; and synaptic neuropil domain. Used to study Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease 1. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in APP-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimer's disease 1; cognitive disorder; and traumatic brain injury. Orthologous to several human genes including APLP2 (amyloid beta precursor like protein 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See Appl in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1B9-1B10; 1-0 cM
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (530501..579044)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (424534..473077)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene elav noncoding regulatory RNA Neighboring gene embryonic lethal abnormal vision Neighboring gene arginase Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene mir-4960 stem loop Neighboring gene ventral nervous system defective Neighboring gene split discs Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR45474 Neighboring gene pseudo

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Identification, secretion, and neural expression of APPL, a Drosophila protein similar to human amyloid protein precursor. Luo LQ, et al. J Neurosci, 1990 Dec. PMID 2125311, Free PMC Article
  2. Alzheimer's Disease Model System Using Drosophila. Tsuda L, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018. PMID 29951813
  3. Lower vertebrate and invertebrate models of Alzheimer's disease - A review. Sharma N, et al. Eur J Pharmacol, 2017 Nov 15. PMID 28943103
  4. Transgenic Drosophila model to study apolipoprotein E4-induced neurodegeneration. Haddadi M, et al. Behav Brain Res, 2016 Mar 15. PMID 26706888
  5. Simple model systems reveal conserved mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Jiang Y, et al. Mol Neurodegener, 2023 Nov 10. PMID 37950311, Free PMC Article

See all (208) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Abeta42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye.
    Title: N-Acetyltransferase 9 ameliorates Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in the Drosophila eye.
  2. Nutraceutical and Probiotic Approaches to Examine Molecular Interactions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein APP in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Title: Nutraceutical and Probiotic Approaches to Examine Molecular Interactions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein APP in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer's Disease.
  3. Interactions between amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) and MAGUK scaffolding proteins contribute to appetitive long-term memory in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Title: Interactions between amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) and MAGUK scaffolding proteins contribute to appetitive long-term memory in Drosophila melanogaster.
  4. APPL is essential for visual working memory. Interestingly, this short-term memory declines rapidly with age, and this is accompanied by enhanced processing of APPL in aged flies. Furthermore, reducing secretase-mediated proteolytic processing of APPL can prevent the age-related memory loss, whereas overexpression of the secretases aggravates the aging effect.
    Title: Drosophila Full-Length Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Required for Visual Working Memory and Prevents Age-Related Memory Impairment.
  5. Results show that Drosophila APPL-RNAi largely mimics transgenic amyloid beta in various phenotypes which include eye degeneration, reduced longevity and motor neuron deficit functions. This is the first report showing comparable phenotypes between APPL and amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease model of Drosophila.
    Title: Knockdown of APPL mimics transgenic Aβ induced neurodegenerative phenotypes in Drosophila.
  6. Appl siRNA inhibition in cortex glia resulted in longer sleep and reduced expression of genes involved in glutamate recycling.
    Title: Amyloid Precursor Protein in Drosophila Glia Regulates Sleep and Genes Involved in Glutamate Recycling.
  7. memory is altered by two connected mechanisms-APPL loss-of-function and amyloid peptide toxicity-revealing in Drosophila a functional interaction between APPL and amyloid peptide.
    Title: Amyloid-β Peptide Exacerbates the Memory Deficit Caused by Amyloid Precursor Protein Loss-of-Function in Drosophila.
  8. The results of this study showed that increased production of the endogenous Drosophila Amyloid Intracellular Domain (dAICD) caused disruption of circadian rest-activity rhythms during aging.
    Title: Manipulations of amyloid precursor protein cleavage disrupt the circadian clock in aging Drosophila.
  9. Our data demonstrate that, in addition to secreted APPL, the noncleaved form is involved in memory, raising the possibility that secreted and full-length APPL act together in memory processes.
    Title: The full-length form of the Drosophila amyloid precursor protein is involved in memory formation.
  10. findings suggest that a normal function of presenilin (PS)is to repress kinesin-1 and dynein motor activity during axonal transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP) vesicles; perturbations of APP/PS transport could contribute to early neuropathology observed in Alzheimer's Disease
    Title: Presenilin controls kinesin-1 and dynein function during APP-vesicle transport in vivo.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

mobile_element

  • Loc: 551477-558981 mobile_element_type = transposon:412{}5

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables heparin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables transition metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in axonogenesis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in central nervous system development IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in learning or memory IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in long-term memory IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in long-term memory IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mushroom body development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuron projection morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in peripheral nervous system development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to axon injury IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to electrical stimulus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in short-term memory IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synapse organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in axon IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular region IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in neuron projection IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in neuronal cell body IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
beta amyloid protein precursor-like
Names
APP-like
Appl-PA
Appl-PB
Appl-PC
Appl-PD
Appl-PE
Appl-PF
CG7727-PA
CG7727-PB
CG7727-PC
CG7727-PD
CG7727-PE
CG7727-PF
amyloid Precursor-Like protein
amyloid precursor protein
amyloid precursor protein like
amyloid precursor protein-like
beta-amyloid-protein-precursor-like

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    530501..579044
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001258522.2 → NP_001245451.1  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245451.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9NDH5
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00006
    Location:26 → 198
    A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4
    pfam02177
    Location:33 → 141
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:831 → 880
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:143 → 198
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:387 → 576
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:625 → 678
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain

  2. NM_001258521.2 → NP_001245450.1  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245450.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9NGF6
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00006
    Location:26 → 199
    A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4
    pfam02177
    Location:33 → 142
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:836 → 885
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:144 → 199
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:388 → 581
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:630 → 683
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain

  3. NM_001258523.2 → NP_001245452.1  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245452.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9NFQ0
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00006
    Location:26 → 199
    A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4
    pfam02177
    Location:33 → 142
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:836 → 885
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:144 → 199
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:388 → 581
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:630 → 683
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain

  4. NM_057278.5 → NP_476626.2  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476626.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P14599, Q9TVV0, Q9U4H3, Q9W5F1
    Related
    FBpp0070104
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00006
    Location:26 → 198
    A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4
    pfam02177
    Location:33 → 141
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:835 → 884
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:143 → 198
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:387 → 580
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:629 → 682
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain

  5. NM_001258520.2 → NP_001245449.1  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245449.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9NEM2
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    pfam02177
    Location:26 → 84
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:778 → 827
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:86 → 141
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:330 → 523
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:572 → 625
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain

  6. NM_001258519.1 → NP_001245448.1  beta amyloid protein precursor-like, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001245448.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    M9NE22
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00006
    Location:26 → 198
    A4_EXTRA; amyloid A4
    pfam02177
    Location:33 → 141
    APP_N; Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding
    pfam10515
    Location:834 → 887
    APP_amyloid; beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus
    pfam12924
    Location:143 → 198
    APP_Cu_bd; Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD
    pfam12925
    Location:387 → 580
    APP_E2; E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein
    cl20817
    Location:629 → 682
    GBP_C; Guanylate-binding protein, C-terminal domain
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
M9NDH5 M9NDH5
M9NE22 M9NE22
M9NEM2 M9NEM2
M9NFQ0 M9NFQ0
M9NGF6 M9NGF6
P14599.2 P14599

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