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Tk2 thymidine kinase 2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 291824, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol
Tk2provided by RGD
Official Full Name
thymidine kinase 2provided by RGD
Primary source
RGD:1309279
See related
EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000012853 AllianceGenome:RGD:1309279
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary
Enables deoxycytidine kinase activity and thymidine kinase activity. Involved in deoxycytidine metabolic process and thymidine metabolic process. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 3 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 2. Orthologous to human TK2 (thymidine kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Expression
Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 77.1), Kidney (RPKM 75.9) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Tk2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19p14
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 19 NC_086037.1 (713043..737345)
RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 19 NC_051354.1 (708859..731786)
106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 19 NC_005118.4 (917203..939236)

Chromosome 19 - NC_086037.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene C-terminal binding protein 2, pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene chemokine-like factor Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S20, pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
  • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
  • BioProject: PRJNA238328
  • Publication: PMID 24510058
  • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency. Wang L, et al. BMC Mol Cell Biol, 2020 Apr 28. PMID 32345222, Free PMC Article
  2. The kinetic effects on thymidine kinase 2 by enzyme-bound dTTP may explain the mitochondrial side effects of antiviral thymidine analogs. Wang L, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2011 Jun. PMID 21444706, Free PMC Article
  3. Thymidine kinase 2 (H126N) knockin mice show the essential role of balanced deoxynucleotide pools for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Akman HO, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2008 Aug 15. PMID 18467430, Free PMC Article
  4. Progressive loss of mitochondrial DNA in thymidine kinase 2-deficient mice. Zhou X, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2008 Aug 1. PMID 18434326
  5. Mitochondrial myopathy of childhood associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion and a homozygous mutation (T77M) in the TK2 gene. Mancuso M, et al. Arch Neurol, 2003 Jul. PMID 12873860

See all (11) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency.
    Title: Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency.
  2. A cytosolic form of TK2 was identified in all tested tissues in addition to mitochondrial TK2. TK1 was detected in liver and spleen cytosolic extracts while dCK was found in liver, spleen and lung cytosolic extracts.
    Title: Tissue specific distribution of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside salvage enzymes shed light on the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA depletion.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables deoxycytidine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables deoxycytidine kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables deoxynucleoside kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables thymidine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables thymidine kinase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in deoxycytidine metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within mitochondrial DNA metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within mitochondrial DNA replication ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in thymidine metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in mitochondrion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
thymidine kinase 2
Names
thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial
NP_001099636.1
XP_038953467.1
XP_063133906.1
XP_063133907.1
XP_063133908.1
XP_063133909.1
XP_063133910.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001106166.1 → NP_001099636.1  thymidine kinase 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001099636.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    Source sequence(s)
    CH474006
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6JXX0, D3ZGQ2
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000017269.4, ENSRNOT00000017269.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01712
    Location:58 → 265
    dNK; Deoxynucleoside kinase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

  1. NC_086037.1 Reference GRCr8

    Range
    713043..737345
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_063277840.1 → XP_063133910.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X3

  2. XM_063277836.1 → XP_063133906.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X1

  3. XM_063277837.1 → XP_063133907.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X2

  4. XM_063277839.1 → XP_063133909.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X4

  5. XM_039097539.2 → XP_038953467.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17190
    Location:58 → 184
    NK; Nucleoside/nucleotide kinase (NK) is a protein superfamily consisting of multiple families of enzymes that share structural similarity and are functionally related to the catalysis of the reversible phosphate group transfer from nucleoside triphosphates ...

  6. XM_063277838.1 → XP_063133908.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X3

RNA

  1. XR_005496623.2 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_010059973.1 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version

Gene LinkOut

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