U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

par-1 par-1 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 2768852, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
par-1provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
par-1provided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0260934
Locus tag
Dmel_CG8201
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0260934
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
27C1; anon-WO0210402.19; BcDNA:RH48823; CG11960; CG16701; CG30131; CG30132; CG8201; dMARK; Dmel\CG8201; dPar-1; dPAR-1; DPAR-1; dPar1; dPAR1; DPar1; EMK; l(2)27C1; l(2)k06323; MARK; Par-1; PAR-1; par1; Par1; PAR1
Summary
Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity and tau-protein kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of planar polarity; negative regulation of hippo signaling; and oogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including basolateral plasma membrane; fusome; and type I terminal bouton. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; embryonic/larval anterior midgut; embryonic/larval fat body; fusome; and germline cell. Used to study neurodegenerative disease and visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Orthologous to several human genes including MARK1 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1) and MARK2 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See par-1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
56D9-56D11; 2-89 cM
Exon count:
23
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (19456170..19485686)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (15343675..15373191)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene beta-Tubulin at 56D Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene meiotic W68 Neighboring gene Tubulin-binding cofactor B Neighboring gene Outer segment 6 Neighboring gene Rab escort protein Neighboring gene hippo

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. An integrative approach to ortholog prediction for disease-focused and other functional studies. Hu Y, et al. BMC Bioinformatics, 2011 Aug 31. PMID 21880147, Free PMC Article
  2. PAR-1 for the course of neurodegeneration. Fortini ME. Cell, 2004 Mar 5. PMID 15006343
  3. Displacement of basolateral Bazooka/PAR-3 by regulated transport and dispersion during epithelial polarization in Drosophila. McKinley RF, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2012 Nov. PMID 23015757, Free PMC Article
  4. Role of Tau, a microtubule associated protein, in Drosophila photoreceptor morphogenesis. Nam SC. Genesis, 2016 Nov. PMID 27579500
  5. Tau phosphorylation at Alzheimer's disease-related Ser356 contributes to tau stabilization when PAR-1/MARK activity is elevated. Ando K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2016 Sep 16. PMID 27520376, Free PMC Article

See all (306) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
    Title: Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
  2. A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
    Title: A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
  3. The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
    Title: The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
  4. Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
    Title: Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
  5. Par-1 is required for cells to form cortical actin caps following syncytial Drosophila embryo development
    Title: Par-1 controls the composition and growth of cortical actin caps during Drosophila embryo cleavage.
  6. Par-1 role in the eye during development.
    Title: Visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi caused by recessive pathogenic variant in MARK3.
  7. localization of BRP-an essential active zone scaffolding protein in Drosophila, depends on the precise balance of neuronal Par-1 kinase.
    Title: Levels of Par-1 kinase determine the localization of Bruchpilot at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction synapses.
  8. orb interacts genetically with aPKC and cdc42 and in egg chambers compromised for orb activity, Par-1 and aPKC protein and aPKC mRNA are mislocalized. Moreover, like cdc42-, the defects in Par protein localization appear to be connected to abnormalities in the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
    Title: The CPEB translational regulator, Orb, functions together with Par proteins to polarize the Drosophila oocyte.
  9. Here, the authors show that the kinase PAR-1 is required for dendrite pruning and dendritic microtubule breakdown.
    Title: PAR-1 promotes microtubule breakdown during dendrite pruning in Drosophila.
  10. Shot/Patronin foci are excluded from the oocyte posterior by the Par-1 polarity kinase to generate the polarized microtubule network that localizes axis determinants
    Title: Patronin/Shot Cortical Foci Assemble the Noncentrosomal Microtubule Array that Specifies the Drosophila Anterior-Posterior Axis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables tau-protein kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables tau-protein kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in axis specification IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in border follicle cell delamination IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in border follicle cell migration IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in pole plasm oskar mRNA localization TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in pole plasm protein localization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of border follicle cell migration IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein phosphorylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in basolateral plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell cortex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in fusome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in germline ring canal IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuromuscular junction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in type I terminal bouton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
par-1
Names
C-TAK1-like
CG8201-PA
CG8201-PH
CG8201-PL
CG8201-PP
CG8201-PQ
CG8201-PR
CG8201-PS
CG8201-PT
CG8201-PV
CG8201-PW
CG8201-PX
ELKL motif kinase
Par-1
Par-1 kinase
Par-1 protein kinase
lethal (2) 27C1
par-1-PA
par-1-PH
par-1-PL
par-1-PP
par-1-PQ
par-1-PR
par-1-PS
par-1-PT
par-1-PV
par-1-PW
par-1-PX
partitioning defective-1
NP_001014539.1
NP_001014540.2
NP_001014542.1
NP_001163208.1
NP_001163209.1
NP_001163210.1
NP_001163211.1
NP_995893.1
NP_995894.2
NP_995899.2
NP_995900.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    19456170..19485686
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_206177.3 → NP_995899.2  par-1, isoform V [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995899.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A1ZBL5
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd12196
    Location:852 → 949
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 566
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  2. NM_206178.3 → NP_995900.1  par-1, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995900.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q9V8V8
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd12196
    Location:839 → 936
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 563
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  3. NM_206172.3 → NP_995894.2  par-1, isoform X [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995894.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A1ZBL9
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd12196
    Location:839 → 936
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 563
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  4. NM_001014542.3 → NP_001014542.1  par-1, isoform L [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014542.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6NPA6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 563
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  5. NM_001169739.2 → NP_001163210.1  par-1, isoform S [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163210.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E1JGM9
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 563
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  6. NM_001014540.3 → NP_001014540.2  par-1, isoform W [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014540.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q963E6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:253 → 504
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:525 → 563
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:252 → 504
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  7. NM_206171.4 → NP_995893.1  par-1, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995893.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A1ZBL7
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:376 → 627
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:648 → 686
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:375 → 627
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  8. NM_001014539.3 → NP_001014539.1  par-1, isoform Q [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014539.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7K9Q9, Q8MQR8

  9. NM_001169740.2 → NP_001163211.1  par-1, isoform T [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163211.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q95U75, Q963E5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:481 → 732
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:753 → 794
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:480 → 732
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  10. NM_001169737.2 → NP_001163208.1  par-1, isoform P [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163208.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E1JGN0, Q95U75
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd12196
    Location:1042 → 1139
    MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    smart00220
    Location:481 → 732
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:753 → 794
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:480 → 732
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

  11. NM_001169738.2 → NP_001163209.1  par-1, isoform R [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163209.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q7YU80, Q95U75
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00220
    Location:481 → 732
    S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
    cd14337
    Location:753 → 791
    UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins
    cd14072
    Location:480 → 732
    STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A1ZBL5 A1ZBL5
A1ZBL7 A1ZBL7
A1ZBL9 A1ZBL9
E1JGM9 E1JGM9
E1JGN0 E1JGN0
Q6NPA6 Q6NPA6
Q7K9Q9 Q7K9Q9
Q7YU80 Q7YU80
Q8IGD5 Q8IGD5
Q8MQR8 Q8MQR8
Q95T80 Q95T80
Q95U75 Q95U75
Q963E5 Q963E5
Q963E6 Q963E6
Q9V8V7 Q9V8V7
Q9V8V8 Q9V8V8

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous