Pnmt phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Pnmtprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3361
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000046057 AllianceGenome:RGD:3361
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity. Involved in several processes, including adrenal gland development; catecholamine metabolic process; and cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus. Located in axon; dendrite; and perikaryon. Biomarker of hypertension and hypoglycemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease; hypertension; and multiple sclerosis. Orthologous to human PNMT (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 577.9) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q31

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (83881211..83882849)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (83383019..83386557)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (86340893..86342501)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

These results suggest that increased PNMT gene expression via altered transcriptional activity is a possible mechanism by which prenatal exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids may program for hypertension later in life.
Title: Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure programs adrenal PNMT expression and adult hypertension.
Stress elevated PNMT levels in heart ventricles.
Title: Regulation of catecholamine-synthesising enzymes and beta-adrenoceptors gene expression in ventricles of stressed rats.
Findings demonstrate that CoCl(2)-induced ROS have synergistic effects on hormonal and neural activation of the PNMT promoter.
Title: Role of reactive oxygen species in the neural and hormonal regulation of the PNMT gene in PC12 cells.
Altered transcriptional regulation of PNMT is a contributing factor to altered adrenergic function in hypertension.
Title: Regulation of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene in the adrenal gland of the spontaneous hypertensive rat.
In chronically isolated rats, gene expression levels of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in the adrenal medulla was decreased.
Title: Chronic isolation of adult rats decreases gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in adrenal medulla.
Real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction was performed to quantify relative expression levels of mRNAs for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
Title: Expression levels of mRNAs for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes as markers of acute response to contusion stress during the early postmortem period.
Data show that voluntary wheel running failed to modify sensitivity to cardiovascular action of oxytocin but resulted in increased gene expression of PNMT in left, but not right, heart atrium in a running activity-dependent manner.
Title: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression in the heart and blood pressure response to oxytocin treatment in rats exposed to voluntary wheel running.
expression of the PNMT gene seems to be modulated through competitive binding of phosphorylated Sp1 and MAZ to their consensus elements in the promoter.
Title: Regulation of the rat phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene by transcription factors Sp1 and MAZ.
PNMT gene expression and protein levels were increased after repeated stress exposure in stellate ganglia of rats and wild-type mice. The immobilization-induced increase was probably regulated by glucocorticoids.
Title: Identification of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression in stellate ganglia and its modulation by stress.
These results suggest that PNMT gene expression is modulated differently in cardiac atria and ventricles and might result in different physiological consequences.
Title: Gene expression of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is differently modulated in cardiac atria and ventricles.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables methyltransferase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables transferase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in adrenal gland development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in catecholamine biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in methylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in norepinephrine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ether	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to immobilization stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to isolation stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in social behavior	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perikaryon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in varicosity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Names: PNMTase; noradrenaline N-methyltransferase

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.