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Crat carnitine acetyltransferase [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 12908, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Cratprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
carnitine acetyltransferaseprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:109501
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026853 AllianceGenome:MGI:109501
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
CARAT
Summary
Predicted to enable acyl-CoA oxidase activity and carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity. Predicted to be involved in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked and fatty acid metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Orthologous to human CRAT (carnitine O-acetyltransferase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 140.8), heart adult (RPKM 116.2) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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See Crat in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2 B; 2 21.69 cM
Exon count:
17
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 2 NC_000068.8 (30290483..30305602, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 2 NC_000068.7 (30400476..30416017, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SH3-domain GRB2-like endophilin B2 Neighboring gene mitoguardin 2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E410 Neighboring gene dolichyl pyrophosphate phosphatase 1 Neighboring gene protein phosphatase 2 protein activator Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E5903 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04096 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr2:30319437-30319638 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1584 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3367 Neighboring gene immediate early response 5-like

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. CRAT links cholesterol metabolism to innate immune responses in the heart. Mao H, et al. Nat Metab, 2023 Aug. PMID 37443356, Free PMC Article
  2. Cloning and characterization of murine carnitine acetyltransferase: evidence for a requirement during cell cycle progression. Brunner S, et al. Biochem J, 1997 Mar 1. PMID 9065756, Free PMC Article
  3. Structural and biochemical studies of the substrate selectivity of carnitine acetyltransferase. Hsiao YS, et al. J Biol Chem, 2004 Jul 23. PMID 15155726
  4. Crystal structures of murine carnitine acetyltransferase in ternary complexes with its substrates. Hsiao YS, et al. J Biol Chem, 2006 Sep 22. PMID 16870616, Free PMC Article
  5. The Acetyl Group Buffering Action of Carnitine Acetyltransferase Offsets Macronutrient-Induced Lysine Acetylation of Mitochondrial Proteins. Davies MN, et al. Cell Rep, 2016 Jan 12. PMID 26748706, Free PMC Article

See all (45) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. CRAT links cholesterol metabolism to innate immune responses in the heart.
    Title: CRAT links cholesterol metabolism to innate immune responses in the heart.
  2. The Regulators of Peroxisomal Acyl-Carnitine Shuttle CROT and CRAT Promote Metastasis in Melanoma.
    Title: The Regulators of Peroxisomal Acyl-Carnitine Shuttle CROT and CRAT Promote Metastasis in Melanoma.
  3. we modeled mitochondrial overload by creating mice lacking the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in the proximal tubules, thus limiting a primary mechanism to export carbons under conditions of substrate excess. Mice developed tubular disease and, interestingly, secondary glomerulosclerosis. This was accompanied by increased levels of apoptosis, fibrosis and oxidative stress.
    Title: Proximal Tubular Cell-Specific Ablation of Carnitine Acetyltransferase Causes Tubular Disease and Secondary Glomerulosclerosis.
  4. AgRP neurons require Crat to provide the metabolic flexibility to optimize nutrient partitioning and regulate peripheral substrate utilization, particularly during fasting and refeeding.
    Title: AgRP Neurons Require Carnitine Acetyltransferase to Regulate Metabolic Flexibility and Peripheral Nutrient Partitioning.
  5. Crat within AgRP neurons forms a component of the homeostatic response to restricted feeding but is not likely to be a molecular component of Food-entrainable oscillator.
    Title: Carnitine Acetyltransferase in AgRP Neurons Is Required for the Homeostatic Adaptation to Restricted Feeding in Male Mice.
  6. Presence of a cytosolic CrAT with a low Km for CoA, favoring the formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, providing an additional source to the classical ATP-citrate lyase pathway; there is an inverse relation between CrAT and the ratio of acetyl-CoA/CoA as evident in conditions affecting the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism.
    Title: Cytosolic carnitine acetyltransferase as a source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA: a possible mechanism for regulation of cardiac energy metabolism.
  7. Studies revealed that ablation of CrAT in myeloid lineage cells did not impact glucose homeostasis, insulin-action, adipose tissue leukocytosis, and inflammation when animals were confronted with a variety of metabolic stressors, including high-fat diet, fasting, or LPS-induced acute endotoxemia.
    Title: Carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) expression in macrophages is dispensable for nutrient stress sensing and inflammation.
  8. Crat-mediated acetyl group buffering is essential for optimal exercise performance.
    Title: Carnitine Acetyltransferase Mitigates Metabolic Inertia and Muscle Fatigue during Exercise.
  9. The predicted full length cDNA sequence of the porcine CRAT gene was characterised and a new 5' variant for dog, rat and mouse was proposed.
    Title: The carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CRAT): a characterization of porcine transcripts with insights into the 5'-end variants of mammalian transcripts and their possible sub-cellular localization.
  10. structural model for L-CPT I (liver CPT I), based on the similarity of this enzyme to the recently crystallized mouse carnitine acetyltransferase
    Title: Structural model of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I based on the carnitine acetyltransferase crystal.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables acyl-CoA oxidase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables acyl-CoA oxidase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in short-chain fatty acid metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in short-chain fatty acid metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in peroxisome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in peroxisome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in peroxisome ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
carnitine O-acetyltransferase
Names
CAT
carnitine acetylase
NP_001407004.1
NP_001407005.1
NP_001407006.1
NP_001407007.1
NP_001407008.1
NP_031786.2
XP_006497709.1
XP_006497710.1
XP_030102925.1
XP_030102930.1
XP_030102931.1
XP_030102932.1
XP_036013843.1
XP_036013849.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001420075.1 → NP_001407004.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform b

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388

  2. NM_001420076.1 → NP_001407005.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform c

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388

  3. NM_001420077.1 → NP_001407006.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform d

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H7BX88

  4. NM_001420078.1 → NP_001407007.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform d

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H7BX88

  5. NM_001420079.1 → NP_001407008.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform e

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299

  6. NM_007760.4 → NP_031786.2  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_031786.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS15882.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P47934, Q3TCG3, Q3V1Y3, Q923A6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000028207.7, ENSMUST00000028207.13
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:35 → 615
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

RNA

  1. NR_185129.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL954299, AL954388

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    30290483..30305602 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_006497647.2 → XP_006497710.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006497710.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:14 → 599
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  2. XM_030247070.1 → XP_030102930.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    H7BX88
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000099918.4, ENSMUST00000102854.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:14 → 594
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  3. XM_030247071.1 → XP_030102931.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X6

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:23 → 545
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  4. XM_030247065.1 → XP_030102925.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X3

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:35 → 615
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  5. XM_036157950.1 → XP_036013843.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X4

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:14 → 599
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  6. XM_036157956.1 → XP_036013849.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X7

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:23 → 540
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  7. XM_030247072.2 → XP_030102932.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X6

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:23 → 545
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase

  8. XM_006497646.5 → XP_006497709.1  carnitine O-acetyltransferase isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00755
    Location:35 → 620
    Carn_acyltransf; Choline/Carnitine o-acyltransferase
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P47934.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P47934

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