U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

TMIGD2 transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 126259, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
TMIGD2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:28324
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000167664 MIM:614715; AllianceGenome:HGNC:28324
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
CD28H; IGPR1; IGPR-1
Summary
Enables coreceptor activity. Involved in positive regulation of T cell activation; positive regulation of angiogenesis; and positive regulation of cytokine production. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be part of B cell receptor complex. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Broad expression in lymph node (RPKM 1.8), spleen (RPKM 1.5) and 14 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See TMIGD2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19p13.3
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (4292227..4302389, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (4275498..4285669, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (4292224..4302386, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13766 Neighboring gene YJU2 splicing factor homolog Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9883 Neighboring gene Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein D Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:4301847-4302392 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9884 Neighboring gene fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:4326526-4327507 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9885 Neighboring gene signal transducing adaptor family member 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. TMIGD2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioma patients. Boulhen C, et al. Front Immunol, 2023. PMID 37261362, Free PMC Article
  2. Identification of IGPR-1 as a novel adhesion molecule involved in angiogenesis. Rahimi N, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2012 May. PMID 22419821, Free PMC Article
  3. Cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 activates AMPK connecting cell adhesion to autophagy. Amraei R, et al. J Biol Chem, 2020 Dec 4. PMID 32978258, Free PMC Article
  4. The cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 is activated by and regulates responses of endothelial cells to shear stress. Ho RX, et al. J Biol Chem, 2019 Sep 13. PMID 31341021, Free PMC Article
  5. IGPR-1 Is Required for Endothelial Cell-Cell Adhesion and Barrier Function. Wang YHW, et al. J Mol Biol, 2016 Dec 4. PMID 27838321, Free PMC Article

See all (18) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. TMIGD2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioma patients.
    Title: TMIGD2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioma patients.
  2. KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.
    Title: KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.
  3. HHLA2 Activates the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway by Binding to TMIGD2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.
    Title: HHLA2 Activates the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway by Binding to TMIGD2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.
  4. NEDD4 regulates ubiquitination and stability of the cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 via lysosomal pathway.
    Title: NEDD4 regulates ubiquitination and stability of the cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 via lysosomal pathway.
  5. Overexpression of B7H5/CD28H is associated with worse survival in human gastric cancer.
    Title: Overexpression of B7H5/CD28H is associated with worse survival in human gastric cancer.
  6. Cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 activates AMPK connecting cell adhesion to autophagy.
    Title: Cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 activates AMPK connecting cell adhesion to autophagy.
  7. VISTA protein (B7-H5) is a ligand for transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 protein (CD28H) and is widely expressed in tumor cells. B7-H5 expression is closely related to the prognosis of the tumor [Review].
    Title: Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis.
  8. Findings indicate that IGPR-1 is an important player in endothelial cell mechanosensing, insights that have important implications for the pathogenesis of common maladies, including ischemic heart diseases and inflammation.
    Title: The cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 is activated by and regulates responses of endothelial cells to shear stress.
  9. High TMIGD2 expression levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells indicate poor prognosis. TMIGD2 expression inversely correlated with the TIM3, LAG3, and B7H3 levels.
    Title: The Expression Patterns and Associated Clinical Parameters of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating Protein 2 and Transmembrane and Immunoglobulin Domain Containing 2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
  10. B7-H5/CD28H is a co-stimulatory signal pathway, and expression of B7-H5 is associated with improved disease prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.
    Title: B7-H5/CD28H is a co-stimulatory pathway and correlates with improved prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC23244

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables coreceptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in T cell costimulation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in neuron projection IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2
Names
CD28 homolog
CD28 homologue
immunoglobulin and proline-rich receptor 1
immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001169126.2 → NP_001162597.1  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162597.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY358964, BU629751
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS59334.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96BF3
    Related
    ENSP00000470561.1, ENST00000595645.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00410
    Location:29 → 114
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    cl11960
    Location:27 → 133
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  2. NM_001308232.2 → NP_001295161.1  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295161.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3, which is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY358964, BC015655, HQ452865, HY260382
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS77217.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0B4J2A9
    Related
    ENSP00000470494.1, ENST00000600114.5

  3. NM_001395549.1 → NP_001382478.1  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform 4 precursor

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC008616
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl11960
    Location:36 → 112
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  4. NM_144615.3 → NP_653216.2  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_653216.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008616, BC015655, BU629751
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12126.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q6UW59, Q96BF3
    Related
    ENSP00000301272.1, ENST00000301272.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00410
    Location:29 → 114
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    cl11960
    Location:27 → 133
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

RNA

  1. NR_172630.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC008616

  2. NR_172631.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC008616

  3. NR_172632.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC008616

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    4292227..4302389 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047438167.1 → XP_047294123.1  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    4275498..4285669 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054319793.1 → XP_054175768.1  transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q96BF3.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q96BF3

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools