Insl3 insulin-like 3 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Insl3provided by RGD
Official Full Name: insulin-like 3provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:620117
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000072911 AllianceGenome:RGD:620117
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Rlf
Summary: Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor binding activity and protease binding activity. Involved in several processes, including adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; oocyte maturation; and positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction. Located in extracellular space and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in cryptorchidism. Orthologous to human INSL3 (insulin like 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Testes (RPKM 165.3), Thymus (RPKM 11.4) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p14

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	16	NC_086034.1 (18432668..18434539)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	16	NC_051351.1 (18398682..18400566)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	16	NC_005115.4 (20120753..20122702)

Chromosome 16 - NC_086034.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

INSL3 is a key theca cell-derived growth factor for preantral follicle and its action is mediated by GDF9
Title: Insulin-like 3-induced rat preantral follicular growth is mediated by growth differentiation factor 9.
The observed postnatal difference in gubernacular malformations between two rate strains is due to different levels of the insl3 receptor differ among strains.
Title: Dose-response assessment of fetal testosterone production and gene expression levels in rat testes following in utero exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisoheptyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate.
data suggest that INSL3 signaling in fetal gubernaculum induces morphogenetic programs in male genitalia; investigation of differences in gene expression regulation by INSL3 in gubernaculum of male and female genitalia
Title: Insulin-like 3 exposure of the fetal rat gubernaculum modulates expression of genes involved in neural pathways.
INSL3 evidently traverses the blood-testis barrier to enter the seminiferous compartment, rete testis, and epididymis in sufficient concentration to be able to address the specific INSL3 receptors (RXFP2) on post-meiotic germ cells and in the epididymis.
Title: Dynamics of INSL3 peptide expression in the rodent testis.
Prenatal exposure to diaethylstilbestrol can inhibit transabdominal testicular descent via down-regulating the expression of INSL3, which is induced by down-regulating the expression of SF-1.
Title: Prenatal exposure to diaethylstilbestrol in the rat inhibits transabdominal testicular descent with involvement of the INSL3/LGR8 system and HOXA10.
In utero exposure to flutamide decreases expression levels of Insl3 particularly at 15 days post conception.
Title: Antiandrogen exposure in utero disrupts expression of desert hedgehog and insulin-like factor 3 in the developing fetal rat testis.
Expression of insl3 and cyp11a were cumulatively decreased by dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate.
Title: Cumulative effects of dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate on male rat reproductive tract development: altered fetal steroid hormones and genes.
INSL3/leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 8 signaling may be involved in the genesis and/or developmental maturation of renal glomeruli
Title: Detection, localization, and action of the INSL3 receptor, LGR8, in rat kidney.
Prenatal mono-n-butyl phthlate may inhibit the INSL3 gene expression associated with the transabdominal testicular ascent in fetal rats, thereby causing undescended testis in postnatal offspring
Title: In utero exposure to mono-n-butyl phthalate impairs insulin-like factor 3 gene expression and the transabdominal phase of testicular descent in fetal rats.
Rat leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 8 bound INSL3 with high affinity, clearly demonstrating that it is the rat INSL3 receptor
Title: Characterization of the rat INSL3 receptor.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protease binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within in utero embryonic development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within male gonad development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte maturation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of wound healing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of male gonad development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: insulin-like 3

Names: Leydig insulin-like peptide relaxin-like factor; ley-I-L; relaxin-like factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_053680.2 → NP_446132.1 insulin-like 3 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_446132.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000016

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9WUK0, Q9WUK1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6K9X7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04365
Location:27 → 126

IlGF_relaxin_like; IlGF_like family, relaxin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of active peptides including (pro)relaxin, mammalian Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (gene INSL3), early placenta insulin-like peptide (ELIP; gene INSL4), ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086034.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

18432668..18434539

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006252820.4 → XP_006252882.1 insulin-like 3 isoform X1

Related

ENSRNOP00000100622.1, ENSRNOT00000170324.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04365
Location:27 → 148

IlGF_relaxin_like; IlGF_like family, relaxin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of active peptides including (pro)relaxin, mammalian Leydig cell-specific insulin-like peptide (gene INSL3), early placenta insulin-like peptide (ELIP; gene INSL4), ...