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Rhilph phosphatases, metallophosphatase domain Rhilphs (Rhizobiales/ Rhodobacterales/ Rhodospirillaceae-like phosphatases) are a phylogenetically distinct group of PPP (phosphoprotein phosphatases), found only in land plants. They are named for their close relationship to to PPP phosphatases from alpha-Proteobacteria, including Rhizobiales, Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillaceae. The PPP (phosphoprotein phosphatase) family, to which the Rhilphs belong, is one of two known protein phosphatase families specific for serine and threonine. The PPP family also includes: PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin), PP4, PP5, PP6, PP7, Bsu1, RdgC, PrpE, PrpA/PrpB, and ApA4 hydrolase. The PPP catalytic domain is defined by three conserved motifs (-GDXHG-, -GDXVDRG- and -GNHE-). The PPP enzyme family is ancient with members found in all eukaryotes, and in most bacterial and archeal genomes. Dephosphorylation of phosphoserines and phosphothreonines on target proteins plays a central role in the regulation of many cellular processes. PPPs belong to the metallophosphatase (MPP) superfamily. MPPs are functionally diverse, but all share a conserved domain with an active site consisting of two metal ions (usually manganese, iron, or zinc) coordinated with octahedral geometry by a cage of histidine, aspartate, and asparagine residues. The MPP superfamily includes: Mre11/SbcD-like exonucleases, Dbr1-like RNA lariat debranching enzymes, YfcE-like phosphodiesterases, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), YbbF-like UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolases, and acid sphingomyelinases (ASMases). The conserved domain is a double beta-sheet sandwich with a di-metal active site made up of residues located at the C-terminal side of the sheets. This domain is thought to allow for productive metal coordination. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",