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Caspase activation and recruitment domain similar to that found in Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 Caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) similar to that found in apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1), which is an activator of caspase-9. APAF-1 contains WD-40 repeats, a CARD, and an ATPase domain. Upon stimulation, APAF-1, together with caspase-9, forms the heptameric 'apoptosome', which leads to the processing and activation of caspase-9, starting a caspase cascade which leads to apoptosis. In general, CARDs are death domains (DDs) found associated with caspases. They are known to be important in the signaling pathways for apoptosis, inflammation, and host-defense mechanisms. DDs are protein-protein interaction domains found in a variety of domain architectures. Their common feature is that they form homodimers by self-association or heterodimers by associating with other members of the DD superfamily including PYRIN and DED (Death Effector Domain). They serve as adaptors in signaling pathways and can recruit other proteins into signaling complexes. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",