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PilZ domain PilZ is a c-di-GMP binding domain found in widespread cytoplasmic receptors, which is involved in regulation of motility, biofilm formation and virulence of many bacterial pathogens. This domain binds c-di-GMP through RXXXR and [D/N]hSXXG motifs, however, some PilZ domains lack these motifs and do not bind c-di-GMP. Proteins which contain PilZ are known to interact with the flagellar switch-complex proteins FliG and FliM. This interaction results in a reduction of torque generation and induces CCW motor bias. This is the canonical PilZ domain whose structure consists of six beta-strands that form a beta barrel, followed by a long C-terminal alpha-helix.
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Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",