This brief reflects the agendas of both the Tallinn Charter 15^th Anniversary Health Systems Conference: Trust and Transformation – Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems for the Future and the OECD’s Health Ministerial Meeting: Better Policies for More Resilient Health Systems.

The brief is the result of intense collaborative effort by the European Observatory, OECD and the WHO Regional Office for Europe. It was written by Marina Karanikolos¹ and (in alphabetical order) Keyrellous Adib², Natasha Azzopardi Muscat², Lucie Bryndova³, Reinhard Busse⁴, Francesca Colombo³, Stefania Davia², Guillaume Dedet³, Josep Figueras⁵, Chris James³, Gaetan Lafortune³, Suszy Lessof⁵, Yulia Litvinova⁴, David Morgan³, David Novillo Ortiz², Dimitra Panteli⁵, Govin Permanand², Katherine Polin⁴, Dheepa Rajan⁵, Bernd Rechel¹, Eric Sutherland³, Michael van den Berg³, Ewout van Ginneken⁴, Gemma Williams⁶, Matthias Wismar⁵, Tomas Zapata², Julia Zimmermann⁶, and Frederico Guanais³.

We are very grateful to the OECD and the WHO Regional Office for Europe for providing the data underlying many of the indicators. The data used in this report in many instances come from the WHO databases, OECD Health at a Glance Health Statistics database, and Eurostat.

The brief was produced by the European Observatory’s publications team – Jonathan North and Lucie Jackson, copy-edited by Sarah Cook, and typeset by Dimitri Culot.

Authors affiliations:

1 – European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

2 – Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark

3 – Health Division, OECD, Paris, France

4 – Berlin University of Technology, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Berlin, Germany

5 – European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels, Belgium

6 – European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK