1. How can European health systems support investment in and the implementation of population health strategies?
   David McDaid, Michael Drummond, Marc Suhrcke
2. How can the impact of health technology assessments be enhanced?
   Corinna Sorenson, Michael Drummond, Finn Børlum Kristensen, Reinhard Busse
3. Where are the patients in decision-making about their own care?
   Angela Coulter, Suzanne Parsons, Janet Askham
4. How can the settings used to provide care to older people be balanced?
   Peter C. Coyte, Nick Goodwin, Audrey Laporte
5. When do vertical (stand-alone) programmes have a place in health systems?
   Rifat A. Atun, Sara Bennett, Antonio Duran
6. How can chronic disease management programmes operate across care settings and providers?
   Debbie Singh
7. How can the migration of health service professionals be managed so as to reduce any negative effects on supply?
   James Buchan
8. How can optimal skill mix be effectively implemented and why?
   Ivy Lynn Bourgeault, Ellen Kuhlmann, Elena Neiterman, Sirpa Wrede
9. Do lifelong learning and revalidation ensure that physicians are fit to practise?
   Sherry Merkur, Philipa Mladovsky, Elias Mossialos, Martin McKee
10. How can health systems respond to population ageing?
    Bernd Rechel, Yvonne Doyle, Emily Grundy, Martin McKee
11. How can European states design efficient, equitable and sustainable funding systems for long-term care for older people?
    José-Luis Fernández, Julien Forder, Birgit Trukeschitz, Martina Rokosová, David McDaid
12. How can gender equity be addressed through health systems?
    Sarah Payne
13. How can telehealth help in the provision of integrated care?
    Karl A. Stroetmann, Lutz Kubitschke, Simon Robinson, Veli Stroetmann, Kevin Cullen, David McDaid
14. How to create conditions for adapting physicians’ skills to new needs and lifelong learning
    Tanya Horsley, Jeremy Grimshaw, Craig Campbell
15. How to create an attractive and supportive working environment for health professionals Christiane Wiskow, Tit Albreht, Carlo de Pietro
16. How can knowledge brokering be better supported across European health systems?
    John N. Lavis, Govin Permanand, Cristina Catallo, BRIDGE Study Team
17. How can knowledge brokering be advanced in a country’s health system?
    John. N Lavis, Govin Permanand, Cristina Catallo, BRIDGE Study Team
18. How can countries address the efficiency and equity implications of health professional mobility in Europe? Adapting policies in the context of the WHO Code and EU freedom of movement
    Irene A. Glinos, Matthias Wismar, James Buchan,Ivo Rakovac
19. Investing in health literacy: What do we know about the co-benefits to the education sector of actions targeted at children and young people?
    David McDaid
20. How can structured cooperation between countries address health workforce challenges related to highly specialized health care? Improving access to services through voluntary cooperation in the EU
    Marieke Kroezen, James Buchan, Gilles Dussault, Irene Glinos, Matthias Wismar
21. How can voluntary cross-border collaboration in public procurement improve access to health technologies in Europe?
    Jaime Espín, Joan Rovira, Antoinette Calleja, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Erica Richardson,Willy Palm, Dimitra Panteli
22. How to strengthen patient-centredness in caring for people with multimorbidity in Europe?
    Iris van der Heide, Sanne P Snoeijs, Wienke GW Boerma, François GW Schellevis, Mieke P Rijken. On behalf of the ICARE4EU consortium
23. How to improve care for people with multimorbidity in Europe?
    Mieke Rijken, Verena Struckmann, Iris van der Heide, Anneli Hujala, Francesco Barbabella, Ewout van Ginneken, François Schellevis. On behalf of the ICARE4EU consortium
24. How to strengthen financing mechanisms to promote care for people with multimorbidity in Europe?
    Verena Struckmann, Wilm Quentin, Reinhard Busse, Ewout van Ginneken. On behalf of the ICARE4EU consortium
25. How can eHealth improve care for people with multimorbidity in Europe?
    Francesco Barbabella, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Sabrina Quattrini, Roberta Papa, Giovanni Lamura. On behalf of the ICARE4EU consortium
26. How to support integration to promote care for people with multimorbidity in Europe?
    Anneli Hujala, Helena Taskinen, Sari Rissanen. On behalf of the ICARE4EU consortium
27. How to make sense of health system efficiency comparisons?
    Jonathan Cylus, Irene Papanicolas, Peter C Smith
28. What is the experience of decentralized hospital governance in Europe?
    Bernd Rechel, Antonio Duran, Richard Saltman
29. Ensuring access to medicines: How to stimulate innovation to meet patients’ needs?
    Dimitra Panteli, Suzanne Edwards
30. Ensuring access to medicines: How to redesign pricing, reimbursement and procurement?
    Sabine Vogler, Valérie Paris, Dimitra Panteli
31. Connecting food systems for co-benefits: How can food systems combine diet-related health with environmental and economic policy goals?
    Kelly Parsons, Corinna Hawkes
32. Averting the AMR crisis: What are the avenues for policy action for countries in Europe?
    Michael Anderson, Charles Clift, Kai Schulze, Anna Sagan, Saskia Nahrgang, Driss Ait Ouakrim, Elias Mossialos
33. It’s the governance, stupid! TAPIC: a governance framework to strengthen decision making and implementation
    Scott L. Greer, Nikolai Vasev, Holly Jarman, Matthias Wismar, Josep Figueras
34. How to enhance the integration of primary care and public health? Approaches, facilitating factors and policy options
    Bernd Rechel
35. Screening. When is it appropriate and how can we get it right?
    Anna Sagan, David McDaid, Selina Rajan, Jill Farrington, Martin McKee
36. Strengthening health systems resilience: key concepts and strategies
    Steve Thomas, Anna Sagan, James Larkin, Jonathan Cylus, Josep Figueras, Marina Karanikolos
37. Building on value-based health care
    Peter C Smith, Anna Sagan, Luigi Siciliani, Dimitra Panteli, Martin McKee, Agnès Soucat, Josep Figueras
38. Regulating the unknown: A guide to regulating genomics for health policy-makers
    Gemma A Williams, Sandra Liede, Nick Fahy, Kristiina Aittomaki, Markus Perola, Tuula Helander, Martin McKee, Anna Sagan
39. In the wake of the pandemic: Preparing for Long COVID
    Selina Rajan, Kamlesh Khunti, Nisreen Alwan, Claire Steves, Trish Greenhalgh, Nathalie MacDermott, Anna Sagan, Martin McKee
40. How can we transfer service and policy innovations between health systems?
    Ellen Nolte, Peter Groenewegen
41. What are the key priority areas where European health systems can learn from each other?
    Johan Hansen, Alexander Haarmann, Peter Groenewegen, Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Gianpaolo Tomaselli, Mircha Poldrugovac
42. Use of digital health tools in Europe: Before, during and after COVID-19
    Nick Fahy, Gemma A Williams, COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor Network
43. European support for improving health and care systems
    Nick Fahy, Nicole Mauer, Dimitra Panteli
44. What are patient navigators and how can they improve integration of care?
    Hannah Budde, Gemma A Williams, Giada Scarpetti, Marieke Kroezen, Claudia B Maier
45. What are the implications of policies increasing transparency of prices paid for pharmaceuticals?
    Erin Webb, Erica Richardson, Sabine Vogler, Dimitra Panteli
46. How can skill-mix innovations support the implementation of integrated care for people with chronic conditions and multimorbidity?
    Juliane Winkelmann, Giada Scarpetti, Gemma A Williams, Claudia B Maier
47. Addressing backlogs and managing waiting lists during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
    Ewout van Ginneken, Sarah Reed, Luigi Siciliani, Astrid Eriksen, Laura Schlepper, Florian Tille, Tomas Zapata
48. Does provider competition improve health care quality and efficiency?
    Luigi Siciliani, Martin Chalkley, Hugh Gravelle
49. Health system performance assessment: A primer for policy-makers
    Dheepa Rajan, Irene Papanicolas, Marina Karanikolos, Kira Koch, Katja Rohrer-Herold, Josep Figueras
50. Making Health for All Policies: Harnessing the co-benefits of health
    Scott L. Greer, Michelle Falkenbach, Luigi Siciliani, Martin McKee, Matthias Wismar, Praneetha Vissapragada, Marie C. Montás, Janamarie Perroud, Olivia Rockwell, Josep Figueras
51. How can the EU support sustainable innovation and access to effective antibiotics?
    Michael Anderson, Dimitra Panteli, Elias Mossialos
52. Global Health Workforce responses to address the COVID-19 pandemic
    Margaret Ziemann, Candice Chen, Rebecca Forman, Anna Sagan, Patricia Pittman
53. What can intersectoral governance do to strengthen the health and care workforce?
    Margaret Caffrey, Tara Tancred, Joanna Raven
54. What steps can improve and promote investment in the health and care workforce?
    Barbara McPake, Prarthna Dayal, Julia Zimmermann, Gemma A Williams
55. Strengthening primary care in Europe: How to increase the attractiveness of primary care for medical students and primary care physicians?
    Marieke Kroezen, Dheepa Rajan, Erica Richardson
56. Engaging the private sector in delivering health care and goods: governance lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Anna Maresso, Ruth Waitzberg, Florian Tille, Yulia Litvinova, Gabriele Pastorino, Naomi Nathan, David Clarke
57. Engaging the private sector in delivering health care and goods: governance lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Anna Maresso, Ruth Waitzberg, Florian Tille, Yulia Litvinova, Gabriele Pastorino, Naomi Nathan, David Clarke

The European Observatory has an independent programme of policy briefs and summaries which are available here: https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/publications/policy-briefs